The development of smart fisheries, what "black technology" has the construction of deep blue granaries applied?

Friends who like goldfish must have this fantasy: sitting at home can observe the eating situation of the fish, or use a computer to achieve remote feeding. Is this method really feasible? If it works for the fish in the tank, will it be effective for the fish in the ocean?

How to raise fish in the ocean, how to raise, manage, accept it, transport, and send them to the market, so that the general public has a blessing to eat high -quality seafood all year round? Let's talk about this today.

First, why is the development of deep sea -water production breeding?

We all know that the earth we live in is a "blue planet", because 70.8%on the surface of the earth is covered by the ocean, with a total area of ​​about 360 million square kilometers, including 1.35 billion cubic kilometers of water resources, occupying the earth, occupying the earth 97%of the overall water volume.

Marine resources are rich, but they are not infinite. From the comparison of world fishing and aquaculture output released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), we clearly see that in the future, fishery development needs to open up new space, and countries are marching towards the deep sea and ocean. How to develop far -reaching sea and waters and build a sustainable aquaculture method is a issue that managers, scientists, and all practitioners in the fishery industry are thinking carefully. The development of smart fisheries has provided some auxiliary methods for this issue.

In 2017, Rebecca R. Gentry, a postdoctoral University in the United States, pointed out in her research report that the fishing amount has stagnated in the past 20 years because many groups have been fully developed. This has led to a generally switched to aquaculture to meet the world's growing demand for fish. She proposed that almost every coastal country has a large area suitable for aquaculture, and its development potential far exceeds the predictable needs; second, 11.4 million KM2 sea areas are suitable for developing fish farming, which can produce about 150 per year. 100 million tons of fin fish, which is currently more than 100 times the consumption of global marine aquatic products; third, if the aquaculture is equivalent to the current fishing amount, only 0.015%of the global ocean area is required.

Deepwater anti -wind wave cage breeding demonstration zone (picture source: Huangbin researcher Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin in the Institute of Chinese Institute of Aquatic Sciences)

2. How do countries develop smart maritime breeding?

At present, there are two ways: deep -sea cages and breeding ships in the development of wisdom maritime breeding in various countries.

1. Deep sea cage

The United States has introduced cage fish farming technology since 1964, breeding spots for forktails. At present, fish farming has expanded to more than 30 countries including Europe, Africa, and America.

In the past 20 years, Norway, Finland, France, and Germany have developed large -scale marine cages. The maximum perimeter length of Norway's maritime cages is 200m. It is convenient to install, strong anti -wind and waves, and has the ability to resist aging. The box does not deform and does not affect the behavior of fish in the cage.

Norwegian deep -water anti -wind wave cage (Image source: Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Institute of Aquatic Sciences)

American Ball Case (Picture Source: Huang Bin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Aquatic Sciences)

American butterfly cage (picture source: Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Institute of Fisheries Sciences)

2. Breeding ship

As the most advanced mobile breeding control platform, farmers have risen in some advanced aquaculture countries in the world over the years. The farmers have changed the traditional fishery industry model, expanded marine farming from offshore to farce, and at the same time solved the disadvantages of non -movement of traditional deep -water cage farming. By guiding modern information technology and aquaculture of modern information technology such as IoT, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. Deep integration of production, effectively solve the problems of traditional fishery breeding and upgrading and alleviating offshore breeding pollution.

Turkish farmers (picture source: Xu Hao, director of the Institute of Fisheries Machinery Instrument Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences)

Norwegian farmers (picture source: Xu Hao, director of the Institute of Fisheries Machinery Instrument Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences)

3. How does my country develop smart fisheries?

Fisheries are an important part of the national food security strategy. The development of my country's fisheries needs to ask for space from deep sea and ocean to develop a new way of production of marine fishery. Deep blue fishery is completely different from traditional marine fisheries. It focuses on ecology. It supports the scientific and sustainable use of marine biological strategic population resources and sustainable utilization. It is supported by far -reaching industrialization and smart farming as the main body to form sustainable modern marine fisheries.

Below we focus on several seawater intelligent breeding models.

1. Multi -nutritional level Comprehensive aquaculture (IMTA) system

The principle of this system is to make full use of space, time, bait and other resources. Mix the aquatic creatures that need to cast bait in accordance with the scientific proportion and the aquatic animals and plants that do not need to cast bait, so that a by -produced material of a breeding creature, such as feces and residual foods to become an input of another creature, such as Become some shellfish foods or some plant fertilizers, which is called the use of waste resources. In addition, this breeding method also makes full use of a variety of breeding biology and plant complementarity, turning the original breeding space into twice or even multiple times, increasing the breeding bearing capacity of marine space.

This study hopes to avoid adverse effects on the sustainable utilization of the marine environment while improving the output of aquaculture. At present, our country in Sangouwan, Yantai, Shandong, has a model of multi -nutritional aquaculture (IMTA) model, and has become a model for international learning. This model draws on the advanced concepts and methods of EU breeding planning and environmental management, comprehensively integrates my country's relevant policies and regulations and the achievements of the scientific and technological achievements of ecological ecology of aquaculture, takes into account the development of environmentally friendly environment, quality and safety, and the sustainable development of the industry. support system.

This model is a scientific seawater aquaculture space planning solution for Sangouwan in the northern typical seawater aquaculture area in my country, and conducts demonstration applications; considering the food output and ecological service functions of aquaculture to ensure its high -quality and efficient and ecological friendship through reasonable space planning. At present, a single -machine version and the Internet -based aquaculture -based planning decision -making support system has been built, which provides technical support for the management of aquaculture planning and my country's county -level marine functional zoning, and lays the foundation for the development of an ecosystem -based aquaculture industry.

Why does this model be included in smart fisheries internationally? Because it applies many digital tools and technologies. Such as the research and development of aquaculture space planning platform based on GIS components and its related application technology, database storage and display functions, model software and data output functions; such as GIS system function, integrate historical observation data and on -site survey data, and physical marine studies And ecological models, the desktop version and network -side "Aquaculture Space Planning Decision Support System" (APDSS).

Through these environmental data browsing, experts can conduct proper evaluations of breeding, biological growth forecasts, breeding capacity assessment and economic benefits. In more popular terms, using these technologies, we can know that this waters are suitable for not being suitable for fish farming. Evaluating the market and pricing in advance, so it can provide decision support for the planning and production management of aquaculture enterprises.

Shandong Sangouwan Multi -Nutritional H & POBC (Researchers Liu Hui, Institute of Huanghai Aquatic Aquatic Research Institute of China Institute of Aquatic Sciences)

1. Ocean pasture

Marine ranch is a new type of industry that integrates ecological, environmental functions and social functions. Why can it be included in wisdom fisheries in water in water and not vitality? not that simple! There are many cutting -edge technology applications in the construction of marine pastures. For example, use ocean remote sensing technology to select the site and use audio domestication technology to domesticate fish. Especially in terms of monitoring, modern marine pastures have a smart marine pasture management platform that can be visual, intelligent, and informatized. It is equipped with a variety of monitoring instruments and sensors on this management platform. Real -time collection and data analysis are performed. These devices include radar, water and underwater video surveillance and security facilities. In other words, you can see whether the fish in the marine pasture are fighting at home.

In recent years, my country has invested a large number of manpower and material resources to actively establish marine three -dimensional monitoring network system. There are marine life science popularization halls and immersive experience halls in many marine pastures. You can enter the beautiful and magical underwater world in the experience.

Ocean Ranch (Picture Source: Dalian Ocean Ranch Research Institute)

3. Deep water anti -wind wave cage farming.

Since the "Eleventh Five -Year Plan", my country has developed a variety of deep -water wind -resistant wave cages suitable for my country's sea conditions and supporting breeding facilities. At present, the deep -waters cages that have been developed in my country have driven the advanced level of the world in terms of scale and intelligence.

Where is "advanced"?

From the perspective of the structure, what kind of structure and size is the current deep water anti -wind wave cage farming in my country?

Sham Shui Faculty mainly includes gravity -type wind -proof cages, lift -down network boxes, large fences, sedentary cages, and far -reaching sea breeding platforms. , Butterfly and ship type.

Lift -down wind -resistant waves, as the name suggests, the network can adjust the depth as needed. Because it can be arranged in a typhoon and a deeper sea area, it is also called a littering deep -water anti -wind wave cage. Compared with traditional cages, large -scale deep -water cages have the advantages of strong windshield resistance, large breeding capacity, fast fish growth rate, and good product quality. The main thing is that before the typhoon or the red tide comes, we quickly fill the main float pipe and let the cage sink to the depth of 7-8 meters under the water, which can resist the typhoon above level 12 or more. Mi, anti -flow ability can reach 1 meter. After the disaster, the main buoyant pipe of the cage is inflated and then floats.

At present, the length of the deep -waters cages developed in my country can reach 40 to 160m, the breeding water body is 700 to 20,000 cubic meters, and the single cage can produce 8 to 600 tons of fish. It is hundreds of times.

Domestic Deep Water Winds and Windsurge (Image Source: Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Institute of Fisheries Sciences)

Shenshui Cage anchor system schematic diagram (picture source: Huang Bin researcher Huang Bin researcher Huang Bin, Institute of Aquatic Research Institute)

The deep -water anti -wind wave cage with casual function (picture source: Huangbin researcher Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin Researcher in China Institute of Aquatic Sciences) The second is the wind -resistant metal meter. Its main performance is roughly the same as the HDPE network, but the buoyancy Large and convenient management. If the flow rate of the breeding sea area is relatively large, this kind of mesh resistance is good and it is not easy to cause the fish to be injured in the storm.

Next, we look at the device: with the right cage, we need good supporting breeding facilities. So what are the main supporting breeding facilities with deep water cages?

At present, there are mainly cage bait machines, cage cleaning machines, cage online equipment, fish specifications sorting devices, fish capture equipment. These devices are required to raise fish and harvest fish in large deep -water cages. In particular, the cage bait machine is divided into two types: single -cage fixed type and multi -way power conveyor bait machine. The bait machine can be fixed and quantitatively bait. In order to work safely and environmental protection, there are also a need for underwater surveillance systems, aquaculture environment monitoring systems, and night warning lights in the breeding area.

Golden catfish deep -water anti -wind wave cage farming (picture source: National Aquatic Promotion Station)

With the deep water anti -wind waves and the corresponding equipment, it can be said that the hardware is complete. Then it also needs to be digital breeding operation management software for seawater cages. At the same time, there are also superb breeding techniques and processes, which mainly include suitable specifications of seedling cultivation, seedling transfer and launch, feed selection and feeding, disease prevention and control, daily monitoring of daily monitoring And management, etc. Different breeding models, technical processes and breeding parameters need to be developed according to different breeding varieties.

Domestic new types of deep sea meters and platforms (designed and manufactured by Zhongji Raffles) (Picture Source: Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin Researcher Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Academy of Aquatic Sciences)

Domestic new types of deep sea meters and platforms (designed and manufactured by Zhongji Raffles) (Picture Source: Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin Researcher Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Academy of Aquatic Sciences)

"Deep Blue One" is the world's largest far -reaching heavy -duty steam all -potential network box. The entire farming water body is about 50,000 cubic meters, the annual annual fish farming output is 1500 tons, and 50,000 salmon can be cultivated at the same time. This whole submarine breeding platform is a far -reaching sea breeding heavy device developed based on green concepts. It uses submarine up floating control technology to integrate the salmon breeding technology of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Group to create my country's unique and far -reaching all -submarine triva breeding model.

"Deep Blue No. 1" (Picture Source: Huang Bin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Aquarium)

"Zhenbao No. 1" is my country's first profound mechanized breeding platform. Can resist the attack of level 12 to 15, which can accommodate nearly 5,000 abalone breeding boxes. It is expected to produce about 12 tons of abalone in a single site. "Zhen Bao 1" has a remote monitoring system, water quality monitoring system, red tide protection system and other advanced functions. The introduction of wind power generation system is introduced to provide green power for abalone breeding and energy saving and environmental protection.

"Zhenbao No. 1" (Picture Source: Researcher Huang Bin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute)

4. Breeding ship

The breeding ship is a more advanced and more intelligent new breeding system than the far -reaching sea cage breeding system. On the workers, the breeding of seedlings, industrialized breeding, ship equipment, artificial intelligence, and informatization techniques are scientifically innovative. Related elements are effectively combined.

In recent years, with the serious offshore pollution in my country, the development of aquaculture has been restricted by many environmental factors. The emergence of farmers is gradually solving these pain points. Why?

This is because the smart system of the ship can be grasped in time to grasp the growth dynamics of fish; the worker ship can swim to avoid typhoons and red tide; at the same time, you can achieve multi -breed breeding on the workers, and you can also imitate the wild fish traveler route. Choose the appropriate sea area. ; You may also be polluted and block the cabin to filter harmful materials in the loss of loss of sea water. Finally, the farming efficiency is high, and it may not be affected by the temperature season of the breeding sea area, and the continuous supply of stability and stability throughout the year can be achieved.

In recent years, my country has created a number of new types of breeding ships, which has gone to deep blue for my country's fisheries and has built a beautiful landscape. Let's see what are there?

"Zhenyu No. 1" is the first domestic deep -sea automatic rotating sea fish breeding platform. The "Zhenyu No. 1" breeding platform is a rugby shape, with a total length of 60 meters, a width of 30 meters, and a breeding water body of 130 million cubic meters. It is expected that the annual output of high -quality commercial sea fish is 120 tons.

"Zhenyu No. 1" (Picture Source: Huang Bin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute of China Institute of Fisheries Sciences)

"Penghu" is the world's first semi -submarine wave energy power generation cage. At present, the invention patent authorization of four countries in China, the European Union, Japan and Canada has been obtained. Can provide 15,000 cubic meters of breeding water. The platform is also equipped with modern fishery production equipment such as automatic bait, fish group monitoring, water body monitoring, live fish transmission, and ice making, which can realize intelligent farming. Only one person can undertake all breeding tasks on the platform.

"Penghu" (Picture Source: Researcher Huang Bin Researcher Huang Bin, Institute of Huanghai Aquatic Products in China)

"Ocean Fisheries No. 1" is the world's first semi -submarine intelligent maritime fishing ground. The fishing ground is 110 meters in diameter and a total height of 69 meters, which can achieve 1.5 million fish farming at a time. "Ocean Fisheries No. 1" is equipped with the world's most advanced salmon smart breeding system, automation guarantee system, high -end deep -sea operation management system, etc. All systems have realized intelligence and automation. "Ocean Fisheries No. 1" (Picture Source: Huangbin Researcher Huang Bin, Huang Hai Aqua Research Institute of China Institute of Fisheries Sciences)

"Guoxin No. 1" is developed by the Fishery Ship Engineering Innovation Team of Fisheries and Machinery Instrument Research Institute of the Institute of Fisheries Machinery Instruments of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences. The innovative achievements are the world's first large -scale large -scale smart fisheries farmers in the world, providing major equipment support and industrial demonstration for my country's implementation of the "deep blue fisheries" strategy, becoming a new and old kinetic energy conversion and expansion space for the shipbuilding industry. The classic cases played the "Chinese pastoral shepherd" in the new era.

The results of this ship have formed more than 30 independent intellectual property rights, and submitted an application for invention patent in developed countries in the world, which has attracted the attention of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and World Technology. "Guoxin No. 1" can effectively avoid the risk of offshore breeding pollution and far sea breeding. It is an organic carrier that promotes the intelligence and modernization of marine fishery in my country.

"Guoxin No. 1" (Picture Source: China Aquatic Products)

The above introduces so many ecological, advanced, intelligent modern seawater breeding systems and equipment. To sum up, is there any significance of smart fisheries in the dark blue strategy?

The first is to expand the waters of breeding, reduce environmental pressure, help ecological environmental protection, and more conducive to the full use of blue land and resources.

The second is that optimizing the structure of the cage can withstand the invasion of the wind and waves, improve the breeding conditions to reduce the harm of the disease, improve the quality of fish, the growth of fish has accelerated, the production efficiency has improved, the increase in the income of fishermen, the increase in fishing villages, and the society of fishing areas are also stable. Essence

The third is to closely combine the deep -water cage breeding industry with leisure tourism and fisheries, and the development of maritime tourism, fishing, sports, tourism and other projects, which is also positive for promoting the development of leisure and fisheries in my country.

Carry out key equipment for the industrialization of deep -sea breeding, and research on key technologies for intensive breeding, which has improved the science and technology level of deep -sea breeding in my country, and provided major technological support for the implementation of high -quality development strategies for fisheries, industrial structure adjustment and upgrading. These technologies represent today's technologies. The level of advanced productivity in the world, with significant economic, social and ecological benefits, and broad application prospects.

The development of smart fisheries helps my country to implement a deep blue fishery strategy, which can provide a "Chinese plan" for the sustainable development of world fisheries, and strive to enable my country's fishery status from a great country to a strong country. Although, compared with international advanced levels, we still have a large gap in the field of facility aquaculture engineering technology. However, as a major world fishery country in development, in modern fishery construction, China's future breeding will inevitably move towards informationization and intelligence through facilities, and then realize industrialization. At the same time, in today's rapid information technology, I believe there will be more, updated technologies and content into smart fisheries, such as the Yuan universe ...

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Liu Yadan (Assistant/Researcher of the former Secretary -General of the Chinese Fisheries Society, a national chief scientific communication expert)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

references:

1. "Rural Green Paper: Analysis and Forecast of China's Rural Economic Situation (2021 ~ 2022)" P149-150, Social Science Literature Publishing House, April 2022

2. "Forefront of the World Agricultural Science and Technology" Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Education

3. "2018 World Fisheries and Aquaculture Status" FAO

4. "World Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022" FAO

5. "Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Plan (2019-2025)"

6.

7. "China Agricultural Outlook Report" (2022-2031) The Market Early Warning Expert Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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