Is aquaculture in the predicament?Biotechnology opens a new road

With the completion of the "Human Genome Project", various latest molecular biotechnology with genome research technology is gradually penetrating into various fields of aquatic research research.

The rapid development of fisheries is inseparable from the support of water production technology. With the development of sequencing related technologies and the continuous improvement of sequencing platforms, the analysis of the whole genome sequence allows researchers to understand and understand the various life processes of creatures from the genome level. It provides possibilities for designing and optimizing biological traits.

So why should China develop aquatic biomedic technology? What value and role does it have?

What is the significance of China's development of aquatic products?

One of the reasons for the development of aquatic biological technology in China is that China is a "large aquaculture household". There are so many people who "cultivate aquatic products" in the family. It must be considered to think about technology.

You don't think we are bragging for "large aquaculture farmers". This is supported by data. You must know that China's total aquatic product output accounts for one -third of the world's total output. 60%.

Big yellow croaker network breeding picture source: author provided by the author

As a qualified "large aquaculture household", there must be many types of breeding. The types of Chinese aquaculture are the most in the world. Therefore, the research of genome of aquaculture animals is of great significance for the sustainable and stable development of the aquatic industry.

However, although the "family bottom" of aquaculture in our country is rich, there are also some problems, such as the development and quality improvement of my country's aquaculture industry, facing low genetic improvement varieties, low yield rates, severe diseases, and faster breeding production performance, faster production performance, and faster production performance. Outstanding problems such as breeding technology are slow to solve these problems. It is difficult to achieve these problems simply relying on traditional breeding technology, so it must rely on the continuous innovation and promotion of aquatic biotechnology.

High -density Half -slip tongue Circular Circular Reproduction Workshop Source: Huanghai Aquatic Research Institute provided

The development of aquatic products can just solve key major scientific and technological issues such as good varieties cultivation, reproductive regulation, disease prevention, germplasm resource preservation, endangered species protection, and water environmental monitoring and pollution control. Great application value.

Chen Songlin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, deciphering China's first fish (half -skid tongue) genome picture Source: Baidu Encyclopedia

What is the role of aquatic genome research?

Hearing this, there may be many friends who do not know what the water production technology is useful. Let ’s talk about it.

1. Can be used for the identification of the original and good species

What should I do if I can't find a good original? Don't be afraid, we have aquatic genetic technology.

At present, the protection and management of excellent original species and good varieties in my country need some technologies. For example, the technical methods of different geographical groups of the same species can be distinguished; the technical methods between breeding groups with decline in production performance and good species.

These appraisal technologies simply speaking, through the research of genomes, the difference between the original and good species is different. The difference between good and ordinary species is a genetic recession population and why it declines. In this way, we can scientifically manage the original and good species of my country's aquatic products, select and promote good breed for breeding and production.

2. Can be used for improvement of the quality of aquaculture and breeding of disease resistance

What should I do if aquaculture is sick? Don't be afraid, we have aquatic genetic technology.

Diseases are seriously a major "heart disease" of major aquaculture varieties in my country. One of the technologies for preventing diseases is to improve the disease resistance of breeding types. Obtaining genetic mutations related to disease resistance is the primary condition for the research on disease resistance and breeding. Through genome research, it can obtain a wealth of polymorphic molecular marks related to disease -resistant disease -resistant.

Source of Stone Castered Genome Picture Source: Huanghai Aquatic Research Institute Wang Na provided

3. Can be used for home selection and conventional breeding

What should I do if the quality of aquatic products is not high? Don't be afraid, we have aquatic genetic technology.

As part of aquatic biology, aquatic and biotechnology, aquatic genetic breeding is based on the essence and regularity of the genetic mutation of aquatic biological genetics. New varieties of aquatic products play an important role in improving the production and quality of aquatic products.

Analysis of Dental Perverts and Genai Evolution Analysis Picture Source: Huang Hai Aquatic Research Institute Wang Na provided

Molecular marking auxiliary breeding can be easily used in home selection. This may be the easiest place to combine modern breeding technology with traditional breeding technology (molecular marking: English Molecular Marker, which is based on biological individual genetic material nucleotide sequences The special genetic mark based on mutation directly reflects the polymorphism of DNA level inheritance, also known as DNA molecular mark).

And this is exactly the field of genome research to improve the level of traditional industrial technology as soon as possible. Most of the aquatic biological biology unable to perform physical tags because the individual is too small at birth, and the molecular mark can be added.

Everyone may have heard of the word selection of home systems. What is home selection?

Home selection is actually one of the methods for choosing breeding. The family department refers to a number of generations that have been reproduced together (parents), as our clan relatives.

The selection of home system refers to the selection of breeding in the family department. Note that what is emphasized here is the selection unit, not individual individuals in the family department. The family selection of the home department with the best production performance is not all members of the family department, but the outstanding people and representatives of this family. Scientists conduct testing according to the traits of each family department, and calculate the mathematical model of the detected data. Based on the calculation results, the quality of each family department is compared to achieve the purpose of selection of the family system. The selection of breeding can be cultivated to the new varieties we need.

How to do a good job of breeding in the family system can be used correctly to use close -up mating, establish a good family department, and breed for several generations.

Seeing this, do you also feel "unknown"? Although some operating mechanisms may not be able to understand, it does not prevent us from feeling that water production technology is really powerful. Of course, this is just the tip of the iceberg. In the next issue, we will continue to talk!

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Liu Yadan (Assistant/Researcher of the former Secretary -General of the Chinese Fisheries Society, a national chief scientific communication expert)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

Edit: Wang Tingting

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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