Disaster prevention and reduction and protection of the people

Author: He Yongnian

The only home of human beings, the earth, has always been unable to calm down. On the one hand, it provides the necessary environment for the birth and reproduction of human beings, and also gives human civilization progress and enjoyment of a better life: sunlight, air, appropriate climate and various resources; Various disasters, ruthlessly took away human precious lives and destroyed the wealth created by human beings. This is exactly the truth that "nature is a kind mother of kindness, but also a cold butcher" summarized by the Great Literature of France.

Disaster risk has always been accompanied by human history

From ancient times to the present, disaster prevention and disaster and disaster resistance have always been a reality that humans must face. According to statistics, there have been many huge disasters in our history. For example, in the forty -three years of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1556), a magnitude 8 earthquake in the Guanzhong area caused more than 730,000 people to be killed. In 1920, the 8.5 -level earthquake in Haiyuan in Ningxia took away the lives of more than 270,000 people; For another example, the plague disaster in our country's history is frequent. According to Chen Gao's "Table of Natural Disaster in the Chinese Dynasties" (transformed William McNiel "Plague and Plague", CITIC Publishing House, 2018) There are 293 epidemics; Zhang Zhibin's "Annual Chinese Epidemium Flowing Annual Table" (Fujian Science and Technology Press, 2007) recorded 826 epidemic from 674 BC to 1840 AD. Roughly every 4-8 years, there will be a second plague. A plague often causes a large number of personnel to die. For example, according to the "Ming Taizong Real Records" volume ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ ⼆ 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一Fujian Yanping, Shao Wu, and Jianning died more than 170,000 crickets.

Earthquake disasters and plague disasters, the former belongs to the category of geographical disasters, the latter is the category of biological disasters, and in ancient times, they all belonged to natural disasters. For humans, these disasters are like a flood beast, which is extremely harmful. In the face of these disasters, our ancestors have adopted various measures, including measures to reduce disasters such as prevention, emergency response and rescue (treatment). In view of the various disasters suffered by humans, our ancestors have repeatedly warned us that we must do it: "Living in peace, thinking is prepared, and there is no preparation." In other words, we must have awareness and risk awareness. Disaster prevention and disaster and disaster and resistance are one of the top priorities in our lives, a sign of the progress of civilization of human society, and the fundamental content of our practice of "people first, life first". We must not ignore it at all times.

Scientific prevention is an effective way to reduce the loss of disaster

Summarize the lessons and lessons of human prevention and reduce the lessons of such disasters. The concept of prevention should be ranked first. Before the disaster occurs, the necessary measures can effectively reduce the degree of disaster, protect the people's precious lives, and reduce various losses. This is the case for epidemic prevention and immunity, and the same is true for defense and reduce earthquake disasters.

There is no doubt that disaster prediction is an absolutely effective way to prevent disaster prevention and mitigation. Unfortunately, so far, people's predictions on certain disasters are still difficult to achieve accurate, such as the prediction of earthquakes, and the prediction of plague, and there are still many difficulties in science. To this end, we must develop our ideas, innovate ideas, and do a good job of disaster prevention and mitigation from a wider range of perspectives and paths. For example, in the current stage of human beings that cannot make accurate earthquake predictions, as far as the earthquake resistance capacity of strengthening buildings and engineering facilities is concerned, my country has proposed and practiced the concept of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation, that is, to adopt various buildings and projects, adopting various buildings and projects The principle of "small shock is not bad, the medium earthquake can be repaired, and the earthquake is not fell." This is a practical and practical practice. Popularly speaking, when encountering a small earthquake, it will not have much impact, and the building will not be destroyed, and it does not need to care about it; when encountering a medium earthquake, the building may be damaged, but there is no structural destruction. Continue to use it; when encountering a large earthquake, effective measures must be taken so that the building does not fall (not scattered). As long as it does not collapse, people in the building have certain risk aversion knowledge and skills, which can avoid major casualties and deaths. Essence To do this, the key is to take corresponding earth seismic prevention measures for the usual personnel dense and important engineering facilities. In this regard, our scientific and technological and economic power today is capable of doing it. I think at least the favorable factor of the three parties: First, since the reform and opening up, my country's economic strength has been greatly improved; the other is that with the overall progress of science and technology, the earthquake anti -earthquake science and technology methods of buildings and engineering facilities have also greatly improved. The development and application of earthquake reduction technology effectively enhanced the earthquake resistance capacity of buildings and engineering facilities; third, my country has developed the study of the earthquake disaster zone in the country through many years of exploration practice. The degree, divide different sections, and propose different seismic anti -defense requirements; relevant departments can take different seismic prevention measures on buildings and engineering facilities according to different requirements. The principle of "small shock is not bad, medium earthquake can be repaired, and the earthquake is not fell", which can effectively enhance the earthquake resistance of buildings and engineering facilities, thereby ensuring that the safety of people's lives and property at the occurrence of strong earthquakes can be maximized. Ground guarantee. Of course, the implementation of the above principles is premise that there must be the supervision of the state government and laws and regulations. This is the unique advantage of socialist Chinese under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

For the case of fighting the new crown pneumonia in recent years, the situation is more complicated. At the scientific level, humans are not very clear about the production and mutation evolution of this virus. Therefore, there is also a lack of mature and effective means in finding the source of the virus and killing the virus. pressure. In terms of social control, due to the hiddenness and spread of the new crown pneumonia, especially the Omikon virus epidemic, it involves too wide, which makes it difficult to suppress and extinguish the epidemic. At present, the overall strategy of "external defense input, internal defense and rebound" and the "dynamic clear zero" general policy is the best choice to ensure the control of the epidemic and gradually extinguish the epidemic, and at the same time to ensure the safety of the people's lives. From the perspective of disaster prevention and disaster, "dynamic clearance" runs through the concept of "prevention -oriented". This is an active prevention strategy. It is found to find the source of the virus and immediately kill it, thereby effectively controlling the epidemic and overcome the epidemic. Pressing vaccines, wearing masks, controlling parties, shampooing (disinfection) and so on are effective means to prevent viruses.

There are many the same characteristics of the prevention of the new coronary pneumonia and the prevention of earthquake disasters. The key to epidemic prevention and earthquake prevention is the ability of the human body to have the ability to prevent virus invasion and effectively kill the virus. The latter is to give the building a sufficient ability to resist earthquakes and avoid casualties. Both need to have advanced scientific and technological means Essence In other words, prevention of disasters (such as earthquakes and plague) must be based on scientific and technological and economic development. The practice of disaster prevention and mitigation of ancient and modern China and foreign countries tells us that lack of advanced science and technology, bare -handed and empty boxing cannot deal with serious disasters; without economic strength, society will be paralyzed before the disaster, and the people's basic life cannot guarantee it. Of course, to obtain the actual effect of disaster prevention and disaster and mitigation, it is a comprehensive project that involves all aspects of the country and society. It requires organizational management at the state government and social levels, and the cooperation of the whole society is required. Whether it is advanced technology or economic strength, it depends on the development and progress of national society. In this regard, the Chinese should have the most experienced that in the old society of semi -sealed construction and semi -colonial land, we can not talk about science and technology and economic strength at all. Therefore, in the final analysis, the disaster prevention and mitigation of my country is inseparable from the party and the country. They have left the party and the country. All the above is some empty words.

Scientific popularization is the magic weapon for disaster prevention and mitigation

Whether it is earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, fighting the new crown pneumonia, or defense and alleviating other disasters, disaster prevention and mitigation are a major event that is closely related to each of us. Men, women, children, old age, and farmers are all in the circle. There are no exceptions and no onlookers. We do not need to control the professional knowledge and science and technology to deal with different disasters, and it is impossible to ask everyone to master and be familiar. However, in order to achieve the goal of "reducing disaster losses and guarding beautiful homes", as ordinary people, we should master the necessary knowledge of disaster prevention and avoidance. Once a disaster is encountered, these knowledge can help you escape the calamity and get safety. For example, earthquake disasters often occur suddenly. At that time, you may be in different environments, and you need to use corresponding emergency avoidance knowledge and skills to escape in danger according to different situations; It is infected unknowingly. In order to control the epidemic and overcome the epidemic, we must master the corresponding knowledge of epidemic prevention and hygiene and understand the scientific treatment methods. Therefore, the party and the government have always encouraged and advocated the popularization of scientific knowledge and technology of disaster prevention and mitigation. For a long time, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the party and the country have particularly attached great importance to the scientific popularization and public education of disaster prevention and mitigation. , Disasterpart from Disaster Prevention and Subject Popularization Education Museum (station) of different sizes of disaster and mitigation of more than three digits, some are some kind of independent disaster prevention and reduction science education museums, and some are disaster prevention and mitigation exhibition halls set in the comprehensive science and technology museum. (Room), a large number of people, especially young students, go to visit and study every year. It is these public facilities for disaster prevention and disaster and mitigation, which has played a huge educational role, continuously aroused the people's awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, instilling the knowledge of disaster prevention and avoidance, and playing a major role in protecting life safety when people encounter disasters Essence Here is a vivid example that happened not long ago:

On April 29, 2022, a self -built building in Changsha collapsed, resulting in a tragedy of 53 lively lives. However, a miracle appeared: a 21 -year -old girl was reviewing her homework in the building when the house collapsed. She didn't have time to respond to even the bed and fell downstairs. Fortunately, although the floor collapsed, a triangular air zone was formed on her head. There is a pot of water, a mobile phone, and a quilt around her. In the process of waiting for the rescue, she wraps the quilt on her body with the knowledge of disaster prevention and avoidance. Time will light up the screen of the mobile phone, and at the same time, drink a sip of water at the same time, so that you can maintain your life for a longer period of time. The girl also tapped the wall regularly with the hard object around her to attract the attention of the rescuers. In the end, after 88 hours of difficult and tenacious persistence, the rescue staff found and rescued her.

The girl's fierceness is of course due to various reasons that the rescuers' efforts are indispensable, and the girl itself uses the knowledge of disaster prevention and avoidance to maintain physical fitness. It is extremely critical to wait for rescue. This example vividly shows the huge role of disaster prevention and science education, especially the key role in protecting life when people encounter disasters. The lessons and lessons in international and domestic disaster prevention and mitigation tell us that the scientific education of disaster prevention and reduction science is an important part of improving the people's disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. "Disaster prevention and disaster mitigation, science popularization first", "disaster prevention and disaster, science popularization" is the direction of our joint efforts!

About the author: He Yongnian, a retired researcher at the China Earthquake Administration, was former deputy director of the State Earthquake Administration. Graduated from the Master of Geology of the Earthquake, he has been engaged in scientific research at the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Geology, as well as the management of seismic science and technology development, international cooperation and earthquake defense. After retirement, he has been engaged in the publicity of earthquake -proof disaster reduction science and publishing a number of works.

Source: "Disaster Prevention Expo"

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