Research achievements of the protection of the Qinling Hundred Opera Warriors

Zhou Ping, deputy dean of Qinling Museum, introduced the latest research on the spot

On July 20, the latest research results of the Qinling K9901 burial pit published by the Emperor Qin Shi Mausoleum Morning House showed about 300 meters from the Qinshi Emperor's Mausoleum. There are the "convex" funeral pits of the slope doorway, the total area of ​​about 800 square meters. Two archeological excavations have more than 30 unearthed pottery figurines.

K9901 funeral pit

The "Hundred Opera Warriors" unearthed in the K9901 burial pit revealed the new category of pottery figurines in the Qin Dynasty, and vividly showed the colorful acrobatic entertainment world of the Qin Dynasty. From a multi -perspective, it shows the brilliant and unique charm of Chinese culture.

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Hundreds and figurines with different forms

In 1999, the Archaeological Institute of Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Institute and the Terracotta Warriors and Horse Museum of Qin Shihuang conducted the first rescue trial excavation. From 2011 to 2013, in order to cooperate with the construction of the K9901 Funeral Pit Exhibition Hall of the Emperor Qin Shi's Mausoleum, the K9901 funeral pits were excavated as a whole.

K9901 Funeral pit excavation site

After two excavations, more than 30 pottery figurines were unearthed after comprehensive exposure of the funeral pits, determining the nature, connotation and architectural structure of the funeral pit, and scientifically protected various types of relics and relics.

Hundred opera figurines unearthed at the scene

From the analysis of the restoration of the pottery figurines, their style and characteristics are very different from the style, characteristics and characteristics of the Qin Terracotta Warriors. From the analysis of factors such as the expression forms, images, and movements of these figurines. "Hundred Opera Warriors" of court entertainment activities.

High -precision texture mapping and three -dimensional modeling of the 28th figurines

"Hundred Opera" is the general saying of ancient music and dance acrobatics. As early as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, this kind of competitive acrobatics project has gradually formed. One of the main ways.

Figurine No. 28

When shaping these pottery figurines, the Qin Dynasty craftsmen made full use of the techniques of plastic, pile, pinching, paste, engraving, painting, etc. Personal characteristics and mental appearance are highlighted. At the same time, a variety of sculpture techniques and painting techniques are crossed. The overall level is rich and has a clear personality.

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The best painting figurines for painting

K9901 The 4th figurines unearthed from the funeral pit. The upper body of the pottery figurines is decorated with the circular nails similar to the gate of the palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Among the excavated Qin Dynasty pottery figurines, No. 4 figurines are a fine art product that retains more artistic information of the Qin Dynasty. It stands standing in a standing posture, with a height of 1.57m (excluding the head), the legs are separated, slightly bowed, and the body twists slightly to the side.

K9901 unearthed figurines 4

The painting of pottery figurines is the best cultural relics in the painting figurines in the 100 -theater figurine. It is covered with a nail, and the nails are decorated with eight -corner pattern of the sun.

Painted Restart of Painted Painted Farters No. 4

The painted pattern of the No. 4 hundred opera figurines mainly concentrates the three patterns of the top of the top, the collagen, the edge of the collar, the sleeve margin, and the trousers. The top is black octagonal star pattern with yellow beads in the middle. The collar, sleeve margin and belt are geometric decorations, or "grass leaf patterns" are decorated with "grass leaf patterns" to observe white, black, yellow and purple.

Painted Restart of Painted Painted Farters No. 4

The Qinling Museum and China Silk Museum have carried out the textile recovery of the No. 4 hundred opera figurines. According to the relevant literature and archeological objects, most of the fabrics of exquisite patterns are generally woven in the Qin and Han dynasties. Cotton and hemp fabrics are also rarely woven.

Painted Restart of Painted Painted Farters No. 4

Considering the particularity of the performance of the hundred opera figurines, the possibility of analyzing the silk fabric is the most likely. Therefore, it is speculated that the main body of the top is the brocade of the silk weaving with octagonal stripes, so it is recovered with the weaving method of the flowering machine; The geometric -like silk woven fabric also uses a flower -mounted weaving method to restore; the pants speculation is the cloud -embroidered cloud gas pattern, which is used as an embroidered land to restore the embroidery needle. In this way, it was more fully displayed to the world the basic original appearance of the 4th hundred opera figurines in clothing.

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The strange shape of the figurine figurines

The pottery figurines on No. 28 were found at the eastern end of the third hole of the K9901 funeral pit. After preliminary pairing of the indigenous pottery, it was found that it was different from the pottery figurines unearthed from Qinling. Under the hips and stretching your arms backwards, the protection and restoration of this pottery figurine will be unprecedented.

High -precision texture mapping and three -dimensional modeling of the 28th figurines

The first step of the 28th figurine repair work is based on the form of pottery figurines to make a bracket, measure the key support points of the measurement, and repair the on -site production and accurately adjust the bracket. The upper body of the 28th figurines is basically complete, and the lower body is more broken. First, the small pieces of small pots in the lower body are paired, and then the upper body is paired.

The adhesives of the pottery figurines are used for epoxy resin. Before bonding, apply 15%of the B72 on the section as the isolation layer, while the complementary material of the pottery figurines is selected. Materials, the color is closest to the color of pottery figurines.

The repair process of No. 28 Warriors

The upper body of the 28th figurines has a crack that runs through the lower side of the chest. The complementary material is used to reinforce the gel from the inner wall. The area where the gap cannot be filled with a small gap can be reinforced on the inside of the pottery figurine with gauze and glue. Fetta 28 internal repair and reinforcement

After basically completing the repair work, in order to ensure that the 28th figurines have not played a actual supporting role in the fragile parts such as both feet when they are placed, the restoration staff raised the lower side support point of the pottery figurine to make the feet not forceful, but it is guaranteed to ensure that the pottery is not strong, but it guarantees that the pottery is not strong, but it is guaranteed that the pottery is not the same. The overall posture of the figurines remains unchanged. Finally, the restoration of the 28th hundred opera figurines was completed nine months.

殊 Due to the special attitude of the 28th figurines, it is difficult to directly use the cultural relics itself to study and display and use it even after the repair is completed. To this end, the Qinling Museum and the School of Information Science and Technology of Northwest University carried out the three -dimensional scanning modeling work of the 28th figurines. So that researchers and the public can learn about the attitude of No. 28 and the details of the cultural relics by browsing the three -dimensional model of the cultural relics.

In the process of painting on the surface painting of the Top 28, the researchers found three continuous fingerprint marks on the surface of their abdomen. The size of the residue handprint is about 3.8cm. The overall pattern response is relatively complete, the lines are clear and coherent, but the contrast is not great. The fingerprint experts from professional institutions conduct data collection and characteristics of three fingerprints. After the application of fingerprint statistical analysis technologies, the three fingerprints systematically discovers and found that these three fingerprints are similar to the characteristics of the adolescent fingerprints. It is very likely that the craftsmen who are residual fingerprints on this pottery figurine are very likely.

Painted Restart of Painted Painted Farters No. 4

While the Qinling Museum did a good job of scientific and technological protection and restoration of the 4th and 28th figurines unearthed from Qinling K9901, and actively carried out cultural relics information collection work in the United Nations domestic scientific research institutions and professional groups, and conducted the analysis, utilization and activation of the Qin figurines. The court invited professional actors of Shaanxi Acidistic Art Troupe to study and imitate the actions of the 28th Hundred Opera Warriors, and perform modern acrobatic programs through analysis of the attitude of the hundred opera figurines.

Acrobatic actor simulation 28 figurines attitude performance

Through the recovery of the Qin figurines and the processing of modern textiles, the exquisite costume art of the Qin Dynasty before 2000, through the analysis of the fingerprints of the Qin people, let the public understand the identity information of the Qin Dynasty craftsman, so that the research and utilization of cultural relics are closer to the results of the cultural relics closer to the results. Volkswagen life allows the Qin people more than 2000 years ago to meet the audience today.

Organize | Yifu

Edit 丨 Zhao Jianlan

Wen Tu | Emperor Qin Shi Mausoleum Museum

School Division | Han and Tang Dynasties Three Three

Review 丨 Yifu

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