Zhang Yongyi | Jiangnan Town, Mengli Water Township

Jiangnan Town, Mengli Water Township

□ Zhang Yongyi

Jiangnan is a beautiful place that is swaying. Bai Juyi said, "The sunrise rivers are red, the rivers are green like the green" ("Recalling the Jiangnan"), Wang Anshi said, "When the spring breeze and the south bank of the river, when the moon will be returned as" "Bo Bo Guozhou"), Zhao Shixia said "Water and light moonlight both, the moon reflect the water in the water" ("Jiangnan Good"), Wei Zhuang said, "Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, tourists only meet Jiangnan Old" ("Bodhisattva Barbar"), etc., Jiangnan is full of poetic and paintings, It also makes people dream around, Jiangnan is almost synonymous with "paradise on earth."

"Jiangnan", just like "Saibei, Central Plains, Guanzhong, Lingnan, Hexi, Western Regions", is a geographical district planned by the ancients from cultural homogeneity and supplemented by the mountains and rivers. They have more vague features with imagery and cannot represent strict border consciousness and clear regional division. Therefore, the understanding of "Jiangnan" has always been relatively broad and general. It will shrink and expand, which has also led to Jiangnan a constant and constant concept of regional concepts with the times.

Photo Conferry of Vision China, Zhouzhuang Town, Suzhou City

I think there are three main concepts in the summary of "Jiangnan": one is the concept. That is, the south of the Yangtze River is Jiangnan. This is not a concept, but a general concept. In other words, as long as it is south of the Yangtze River, people will collectively refer to Jiangnan. The second is the concept. Jiangnan includes Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan. This is mainly from the Tang Dynasty's Zhenguan period, divided the whole country into ten roads, namely Guan inner Road, Henan Road, Henan Road, Hebei Road, Shannan Road, Longyou Road, Huainan Road, Jiannan Road, Lingnan Road, Jiangnan Road, Jiangnan Road, Jiangnan Road The area of ​​Jiangnan Road is roughly south of the "six provinces and one city". The Tanzhou written in the poem of Du Fu's "Jiangnan Feng Li Turtle" is the current Changsha in Hunan, which is considered to be Jiangnan, and the concept of Jiangnan Road. The third is a small concept. The south of the river here does not refer to everything south of the Yangtze River. It is only limited to the main areas south of the Yangtze River, north of Qiantang River, and around Taihu Lake. , Suzhou, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Yingtian (Nanjing), Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou Eight Prefecture, and Taicang Prefecture scheduled from Suzhou Prefecture, etc. This is a relatively clear regional boundary. But attentive people may find that there is no Wuxi here? In fact, whether in the past and now Wuxi is an indispensable Jiangnan Chongzhong Town, but from the perspective of the administrative division of the year, Wuxi is also a county under Changzhou Prefecture.

What needs to be added is that the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang was established in Jiangnan, namely Nanzhili, which mainly includes Jiangsu and Anhui Province. In the early years of Shunzhi (1644), in order to reflect the change of the dynasty, the "Nan Zhili" was directly changed to " Jiangnan Province ". In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), considering that Jiangnan Province was too large, Jiangnan Province was divided into two, and it was classified as Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai), Anhui Province, that is, the "Jiang" and Suzhou of Jiangning House and Suzhou The "Su" of the government constituted Jiangsu, and the "An" of Anqing Mansion and the "emblem" of Huizhou government constituted Anhui. Why particular emphasis on this? It is to further extend the explanation that Jiangnan with a small concept includes not only "Eight Prefecture and One State", but also Anhui.

In general, the Jiangnan territory should be divided by the Yangtze River, but we suddenly discovered that Yangzhou, north of the Yangtze River, has become Jiangnan? This is a bit thoughtful. How can it become Jiangnan in Jiangbei? But what we think more than we imagine is that in fact Yangzhou has not stopped, and people have been called Jiangnan since ancient times. According to "Yu Gong", Dayu divided the world into Kyushu, namely Yangzhou, Liangzhou, Yongzhou, Yuzhou, Jizhou, Luzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Jingzhou. Regarding how Yangzhou defines, the first Chinese dictionary "Eria", which was written in the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty, explained it under the "interpretation" column: "Jiangnan said Yangzhou." In other words, Yangzhou is more known as Jiangnan than all current Jiangnan cities. It is really stunning, but I have to nod. Of course, Yangzhou in history is definitely not only the current Yangzhou. The scope involves not only refers to Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, but also in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guangxi. Essence The current Yangzhou can be classified into the Jiangnan sector, and it does come from the classification of historical traditions, and it is also related to the standards divided by Jiangnan. In other words, the determination of Jiangnan must not only have regional clarity, but also include cultural convergence. The essence of Jiangnan culture is the water village culture. Today, Yangzhou obviously has a strong water village temperament, and it is also well -known in the Jiangnan section. Therefore, in this sense, Jiangnan is not only geographical Jiangnan, but also cultural Jiangnan. Yangzhou has become a cultural Jiangnan because of Jiangnan culture.

What needs to be further emphasized is that the concepts of large and medium to adapt to different scenarios have their own different values. For today, Jiangnan, which is a small concept, is almost combined with the "three provinces and one cities" of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui in the Yangtze River Delta. The convergence of this culture will definitely promote cultural integration and common prosperity. It is of great significance to develop development. Considering the connection between history and reality and the connection between inheritance and innovation, we believe that Jiangnan should be Jiangnan with a small concept.

Smoke and rain enters the south of the river, and the landscape is dyed, and the beautiful ink painting in the world is hidden in Jiangnan Water Village. This is a magical "paradise on the world". Here, there are many ancient towns in Jiangnan, like pearls in setting, and the stars are shining and shining. There are several endless bridges, endless boats, endless evaluation, endless gardens, endless beauty ... Some people say "the four ancient towns of the south of the river", Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Xitang, Wuzhen; Some people say "the six ancient towns of Jiangnan", Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Xitang, Wuzhen, Zhizhi, and Nanxun; some people say "Jiangnan Top Ten Ancient Town", Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Xitang, Wuzhen, Luo Zhi, Nanxun, Zhujiajiao, Guangfu, Guangfu , Mudu, Anchang. In fact, Jiangnan Ancient Town is much more ...

Since the ancient town of Jiangnan is so "out" and is favored, what exactly is the power of adsorbing people's attention? I think there are four main points: First, the water village is more typical. The ancient town of Jiangnan was born and grown in Jiangnan Water Village. To be precise, it is the most representative Jiangnan water village. "People with all the pillows", "Water Port Bridge" (Tang Duyu "" Give Sending Touring Wu "), Youyou Water, Ququs, Wirling Bridge, narrow streets, deep alleys, long alleys, long alley, long alley, long alley, long alley, long alley, long alley, long alley The long gallery is prominently the exquisite gouache painting! Second, history is relatively long. The familiar Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Xitang, Wuzhen, etc., are all living thousands of ancient towns. Pushing time forward, some history will be more distant. For example, the ancient town of Merri was the initial point of "Taibei Benwu". The most powerful evidence was the Taibei Temple and Boadhe. The Taibei Temple is the first temple worshiping Taibei in the south of the river. History can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, because it is the historical label of the ancestors. The time is approaching and the credibility is stronger. The repairs that time are rejected in Chinese history, which brings great convenience to the life, transportation, irrigation, and flood discharge of Jiangnan. Taibo was therefore considered to be the ancestor of Jiangnan. The third is that the inheritance is relatively complete. These ancient towns not only jumped the historical pulse vividly, but also gorgeous the popularity of inheritance culture. No matter what you see, hear, you can feel the long -standing cultural meaning and regional color. Fourth, the personality is relatively clear. Some people say that when you see the Jiangnan water village, you seem to be almost the same. In fact, if you go deeper, you will find that the same is different. The prosperity of Zhouzhuang, the rich man of Nanxun, the simple charm of Xitang, and the quiet beauty of the same inside are all with its unique charm!

Yes, as long as the Jiangnan Water Village is mentioned, the first thing people think of is "small bridge flowing water people". Although this is the sentence of Yuanrenzhizhi Zhiyuan, it is wonderful to make green waves, willow puppets, and housewater. The wonderful landscape of the households is a true portrayal of Jiangnan Water Village, and it is also the most quiet and beautiful picture of Jiangnan Ancient Town! Xanadu, isolated from the world, is where many people yearn for.

——Colid water. Jiangnan is a water made of water. It is located in rivers and lakes. It has 425 kilometers of Yangtze River, 820 kilometers long canal, and more than 1,700 kilometers of coastline. There are more than 200 lakes. The length of the river network of each square meter is about 6 kilometers. It should be said that everything in Jiangnan is written by water, and the water is the peak of the face value of Jiangnan! Many ancient towns flowed down, because of Shuicheng Town, Shuicheng City, and living in water. The flowing water is the wind and snowy moon in the splendid ancient town, and the flowing water is also the natural logic of water to the canal. First, there will be river channels with flowing water. The river is the life movement of the ancient town of Shuixiang, which has survived the history of thousands of years, but their forms are different, and the waterway structure is therefore ever -changing: some are "band -shaped", and "one" ribbon is used as an important axis of urban development. Both commercial and public places are built along the river. Through the parallel side of the river, street, and houses, a virtual linear space is constructed. For the axial development, the cross -cross port or street of cross has become the center of the town. The more typical is straight; some are "mesh". The convergence point is also the climax of the center of the town, which is typically in the same in the same lin. Some are "group -shaped". Such ancient towns and rivers are bending with the potential and naturally, showing the intertwined group layout, which is typically Zhouzhuang. There are also some irregular river channels. They are shaped with things, taking potential on the spot, passing the east to the west, walking south to the north, crisscrossing, twists and turns, each with its own characteristics. Second, there will be a port on the shore. The so -called "port head" is the dock. Almost all of the people in the water village have a small Hebu head, which are mainly used for water removal, washing, trade, leisure and entertainment. contacts. There is such a description in Ye Shengtao's "Three Five Fights": "Those who wearing old felt hats shake the boat early in the morning and come out of the port. Third, there will be boat boats with port heads. The boat is the landscape of the water village. As a unique transportation of Jiangnan Water Village, the Wanbian has always been in the dock of history and reality, and often supports tourists into poetry and painting. Mr. Yu Qiuyu sighed in the prose "Jiangnan Town": "Like most Jiangnan town, Zhouzhuang has to go to a boat to taste." We have the same feelings about this. At the bottom of the boat, sitting on the boat to admire the ancient town of Jiangnan, as if they were floating on the water, drifting on the water, and walking on the water. Therefore, water is the highway network of the water village, the water is the washing machine of the water village, and the water is also the lifeline of the water village! ——Adm bridge. The ancient town is the country of water and the hometown of the bridge. Wu Di folk is popular with "one step and two bridges". These small bridges with different shapes and shapes fly over the clear waves, either across the streets, or hover on the essence, or embellish the garden. The time of building bridge was basically started in Song Dynasty, developed in Yuan, and concentrated in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The main types of small bridges are two types of beam -type bridges and arch bridges: beam -type bridges, which are lined with the same height and wide stone pillars into column pier, and then on the stone bridge pier on the stone beam, and then laid the slate on the stone beam; Packing the pier with stones, and then made a semi -circular bridge hole with coupons. The arch bridge is not only in line with the principles of mechanics, but also the principles of aesthetics. "Bridge Bridge" is the most beautiful arch bridge in Wuzhen, which is the best bridge: the two bridges are adjacent to right -angles. No matter which bridge is standing, you can see another bridge in a bridge hole. Through the bridge, you can also see that there is a sky outside the cave, the water and the sky are reflected, and the smoke on the shore is so good that the poetic water village scenery is so good! It can be seen that the bridge of Jiangnan Water Village not only stands in the water alley, but also stands firmly in the long years, not only across the river, but also to history. The most famous is Zhouzhuang's "double bridge" (Shide Bridge and Yong'an Bridge). The bridge hole is "one arch one side", and the bridge surface is "one horizontal and one vertical". The shape is exactly like a key used in ancient times. The locals are also called the "key bridge". In 1984, Chen Yifei, an international student in the United States, and Shanghai young painter Chen Yifei, used the "double bridge" as the theme, and created an oil painting entitled "Memories of the Hometown". It was displayed in New York and caused a sensation. When visiting China in November of that year, he gave it to Deng Xiaoping as a gift. In 1985, the painting was processed by Chen Yifei to become the first day of the United Nations. It was loved by philatelic enthusiasts and people from all walks of life. For a while, Zhouzhuang, who was hidden in the deep girlfriend, suddenly shined, and people found that there was such a charming wonderland in this place where the mountains were soft. It can be said that Zhou Zhuang's double bridge sent the key to Chen Yifei's painting. It can also be said that Chen Yifei used this key to open the secret door of Zhouzhuang to the world.

——When people. People are divided into large households and small households. Most of the large households are the houses of wealthy businessmen and officials. They are seven in vertical, less than three in, and most of them are 3-5. The Shen Hall of Zhouzhuang is seven entrances, and Chongben Hall in Tongli is Wujin and Geng Litang as three entrances. "A few" (Ouyang Xiu's "Butterfly Love Flowers"), probably that means. These famous houses include gates, sedan halls, living rooms, main rooms, inner rooms or back rooms, and small gardens, all of which are strictly deployed in accordance with the concepts of feudal ancestors and levels. For example, the main second of the hall, the preface of the front and rear, the distinction between the main and guests, the nobles of men and women, are in an integrated, strict grade, the lines are not chaotic, the lines are clear, and the strict silk is seamless, but after we watch People can't breathe. The civilian houses of small households are naturally easy -going and touching. Some along the street, some along the river, the front street and the river, the front shop and the back house, the front shop and the back, the house and the house, the bungalow houses are mixed, the gables are diverse, ups and downs, and they are scattered. Most of them reveal the secular warmth and more grounded fireworks. The combination of many people's buildings will form a continuous gathering momentum, and it will also be sandwiched between the two groups of houses: if the wider one is called "street" (generally there is only one main street in the ancient town, there is only one main street. ) If the narrow one is called "alley", if the narrower one is called "Nong" (the widest part of the stone skin in Xitang is 1 meter, and the narrowest part is only 0.8 meters. alley"). The lane is narrow and wider than the street. It has both the quality of the street and the charm of the two. The two are beautiful and the doubles are in one fell swoop. It is no wonder that the poets are willing to put the affection of walking the streets and pay the alleys. Dai Wangshu's "Rain Lane" wrote: "With the oil -paper umbrella, it is alone/彷 彷/lonely rain alley/I hope to float/a clove -like girl." People's eyes Perhaps it will be attracted by the girl who is lingering in the rain more. Watching her be under the umbrella, followed by her flowing on the road, a variety of style, graceful, slender back, and gradually drifting away. The deep and folding alley can wind the poet's soul -taking feelings so vibularly to people's hearts! Zhejiang Nanxun Ancient Town

From this point of view, the ancient town of Jiangnan not only refers to the external characteristics of the sense of time and space, but also represents the cultural ownership of the spiritual mobility. A multiple semantic space with multiple, three -dimensional multi -faceted semantic space. Through the millennium, look forward to the flowers of flowers, looking for the water village in the dream, the pink walls and tiles are beautiful, and the sheds and the moon poems. As soon as he strokes, his breath, as if the sound of the melodious string, can also hear the past life of the ancient town and the sorrow and joy. There are many twists and turns in the world, and the lips have been forgotten. People like the ancient town of Jiangnan Ancient Town, but not exaggerated temperament and simple but not hustle and bustle. "Blue is waiting for smoke rain, and I am waiting for you", in my heart, in my dreams, in love, in the town, love at first sight, unknown year, at this moment, it is the pattern of the water village in the dream.

Author Zhang Yongyi

(Author Zhang Yongyi is a literary critic, writer, Jiangnan cultural scholar)

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