Bi Haogui: Contribute meteorological power to cope with climate change | "Looking" News Weekly

· This summer, there are extreme high -temperature events with the strongest intensity since there are complete meteorological observation records in my country.

· From 1961 to 2021, the average annual rainfall in my country was increasing, and the differences between the regions of precipitation changes were obvious: the average annual precipitation of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau was significantly increased, and the average annual precipitation of the southwestern region decreased the trend in the overall reduction trend.

· The China Meteorological Administration will focus on improving the scientific level of climate change and the ability to serve national strategic decisions

"42 ° C is not in the top ten national high temperature" -The hot search on the Internet in mid -August is enough to prove the high temperature strength this year.

The National Climate Center has recently confirmed that the comprehensive intensity of the regional high -temperature event from June 13 to August 30 has reached the strongest since my country had a complete meteorological observation record in 1961. At the same time, it is also troubled by high temperatures around the world. The secondary disaster caused by electricity, drought, and fire cannot be ignored due to high temperature.

In February of this year, the UN Intergovernmental Climate Change Special Committee (IPCC) released the "Climate Change 2022: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability", which emphasizes the increasing impact of climate change. harm.

Climate change is deeply affecting global politics, economic and social security, and the global climate governance process and situation are more complicated. Facing the reality of global warming, how should we scientifically and effectively cope with climate change?

For a long time, as an important scientific and technological support department for the country to respond to climate change, the China Meteorological Administration aims to protect the national climate safety, exert its own advantages in the fields of climate change monitoring and impact assessment, actively participate in international governance of climate change, help my country to cope with climate change Promote the construction of ecological civilization.

"In the future, my country's high -temperature heat wave event may happen more frequently. The Chinese Meteorological Administration will focus on improving the scientific level of climate change and the ability to serve national strategic decisions." In an exclusive interview with the "Looking" News Weekly, the party group members of the China Meteorological Administration, members of the party group, members of the China Meteorological Administration, Deputy Director Bi Baogui said that the China Meteorological Administration will strengthen cross -domain and interdisciplinary cross theory, technology and application demonstration research, overall improvement of the basic support capabilities to respond to climate change, and create an international and regional advanced climate change innovation centers and key experiments. Room platforms to enhance my country's influence and right to speak in the field of international climate change.

Regional high temperature continues to occur

"Looking": What are the characteristics of this high temperature incident?

Bi Mugui: In this summer, there has been an extreme high -temperature event with the strongest intensity since there are complete meteorological observation records in my country.

From June 13th to August 30th, the regional high -temperature incident lasted for 79 days, covering more than 5 million square kilometers, and high temperatures above 40 ° C in 23 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) nationwide. The temperature has reached or exceeded 44 ° C; the daily maximum temperature of 366 national meteorological stations in the country reaches or breaks through the historical pole. The highest temperature of the day has hit a record high twice or many times.

The extreme high -temperature incident affects the population of more than 900 million people. The continuous high -temperature heat waves have continued to decline in the water volume of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and Poyang Lake, and the phenomenon of "anti -drying during the flood season" in the Yangtze River water level occurred. More than 20 reservoirs in Sichuan and Chongfeng are dry, and hydropower is reduced. The demand for electricity setting set a record, causing power supply shortage in some areas.

Not only in our country, extreme high -temperature incidents have also appeared around the world this summer. High temperatures in many places in Europe and the United States broke the historical record. The UK has an unprecedented large -scale heat and high temperature. As many as 70 provinces in France issued high -temperature alarms, Portugal appeared at 47 ° C and high temperature. There are also high temperature weather above 40 ° C in southern United States.

The sixth evaluation report of the Special Committee of the United Nations Intergovernmental Climate Change (IPCC) pointed out that the future global extreme heat events (including heat waves) will continue to increase and strengthen the intensity. In some areas of the middle latitude and semi -arid, and the South American monsoon areas are the largest area of ​​extreme high temperature.

Global warming is still continuous

"Looking": What depth is behind this high temperature incident?

Bi Mugui: The most direct reason for the continuous high temperature weather is the results of the atmospheric circulation situation, especially the northern hemisphere West Pacific subtropical high pressure abnormalities, as well as the common impact of global warming and the low sea temperature of the East Middle East.

From the characteristics of atmospheric circulation, this year, the Western Pacific subtly high -pressure high -pressure is abnormally strong and extended to the west. At the same time, its south and north borders are expanded, and the range is abnormal and maintained for a long time. In addition, this summer is under the situation of La Nina. The temperature of the East Middle East Pacific Sea continues to be extremely low. The temperature of the Western Pacific and the Philippine Islands has a high temperature, which can easily cause significant enhancement of the Western Pacific subtropical high pressure.

The deep reasons behind them are mainly the following aspects.

The first is global warming. This is a frequent climate background in the high -temperature heat wave event in the northern hemisphere. Studies have shown that global warming in the past 50 years has occurred at unprecedented speeds in the past 2000, and the unstable climate system has intensified. UN Secretary -General Gutres call it "the red alert of all mankind."

Second, since the Industrial Revolution, the greenhouse gases discharged from human activities have continued to increase and accumulate, forming the main driving factors of the increase in extreme high temperature and enhancement of extreme high temperatures in the world and most regions.

Third, in terms of regional scale, the changes in extreme high temperature are also regulated by the process of land feedback, land use and land coverage, changes in gas -soluble glue concentration, and natural changes in age.

Fourth, the "hot island effect" also caused the city to suffer more and more high -temperature heat wave threats.

"Looking": What is the overall trend of climate change? What does this mean for my country and the world?

Bi Mugui: On August 3, 2022, the China Meteorological Administration officially released the "Chinese Climate Change Blue Book (2022)" to the public. New facts, new trends.

For example, from 1951 to 2021, the average annual temperature of the surface of my country was significantly up, with a temperature increase rate of 0.26 ° C/10 years, which was higher than the global average heating level (0.15 ° C/10 years) during the same period.

For another example, from 1961 to 2021, the average annual precipitation of my country was increasing, and the differences between regions of precipitation changes were obvious: the average annual precipitation of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau was significantly increased, and the average annual precipitation of the southwest was decreased.

On the whole, China's high temperature, heavy precipitation and other extreme weather and climate events tend to be stronger and stronger. In addition, due to global climate change, the planes of the coastal coastal, surface water resources, lake water levels, glaciers, frozen soils, vegetation, etc. on the coastal coastal have changed significantly.

Globally, the comprehensive observation and multiple key indicators of the climate system show that the global warming trend is still continuing.

In 2021, the global average temperature is 1.11 ° C higher than the level before industrialization (the average value of 1850 to 1900), which is one of the seven warm years since the complete meteorological observation record; There are the highest value since modern maritime observation records, and the global average sea level has reached the highest level since the satellite observation record; global glaciers are in a state of ablation and retreat. The range of Antarctic Ice Cjesses has always been small.

Since 2011, the China Meteorological Administration has continuously released the annual report of the 12th issue of "China Climate Change Blue Book", which has been used with informative climate change scientific data and monitoring and evaluation products to meet the national and regional disaster prevention and reduction, climate change and ecological civilization construction. Effectively play the role of scientific and technological support.

In the future, the China Meteorological Administration will further focus on major strategic deployments such as carbon -dung peaks, carbon neutralization, and high -quality economic and social development, and continue to do a good job of reporting the blue book, and contribute more to enhance my country's dominance and right to speak in the field of climate change. strength.

Strategic decision -making

"Looking": In the face of many security challenges brought by climate change, how can the China Meteorological Administration be evaluated and responded?

Bi Mugui: Climate change and the extreme weather and climate events caused by it are profoundly affecting global politics, economic and social environmental security, bringing many risk challenges.

For a long time, the China Meteorological Administration has carried out a lot of work on the scientific evaluation and response of climate change. Basic research and global and regional climate system model development, climate change monitoring and impact assessment of basic research, global and regional and regional climate system models such as climate change detection have made great progress.

Over the years, the China Meteorological Administration has actively participated in the overall deployment of the country's response to climate change, strengthened overall coordination and organizational implementation, and provided important scientific and technological support for the response to the internal affairs of climate change, and made positive contributions to ensuring the security and sustainable development of national climate.

In the next step, the China Meteorological Administration will also achieve key breakthroughs in basic theory and core technologies, deepen the multi -circle, multi -time scale interaction and the mechanism of the climate system, and develop high -resolution multi -layer coupling earth system mode And refine the regional climate model, improve the ability of the aging climate forecast and climate change, strengthen the key weather monitoring and early warning technology in the context of climate change, clarify the process of reducing, occurrence, conduction, and feeding process of compound extreme events, and build a high level of construction. The early warning platform of technology-business-service innovation platforms and national climate change risks to form a diversified climate service system and climate service brand, which has made new contributions to scientific evaluation and prevention of climate change risk and extreme weather response.

"Looking": In the next step, what ability to focus on the China Meteorological Administration will focus on?

Bi Mugui: The China Meteorological Administration will focus on improving the scientific level of climate change and the ability to serve national strategic decisions. To this end, the "14th Five -Year Plan" China Meteorological Administration responded to the development of climate change development at the end of 2021, which clarifies the overall ideas, main goals and key tasks of the Chinese Meteorological Administration in response to climate change in the next five years.

The China Meteorological Administration will focus on improving the scientific level of climate change and the national strategic decision -making ability, strengthen cross -domain and interdisciplinary cross theory, technology and application demonstration research, form a series of achievements of scientific governance and application services, and target "Paris Agreement "Implementation, carbon peak and carbon neutralization, IPCC scientific assessment, major national and regional development strategies such as the country and regional development strategies, etc., form a policy recommendation and support plan, and improve climate change from national, provincial, and cities as a whole Basic support ability.

For a longer period of time during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, the China Meteorological Administration will build and continuously improve the new pattern of climate change work, through overall optimization of climate change technology business layout, establish national climate change innovation as the leader, regional climate with regional climate, The work system that changes into a common demonstration and is a special service -free service service, builds a climate change innovation center and a key laboratory platform for international and regional advanced levels, and forms a competitive research center and innovation team. The respective functions and functions form a strong joint force to deal with climate change. The China Meteorological Administration will also continue to play the role of domestic leading departments of the Special Committee of the United Nations Intergovernmental Climate Change Special Committee (IPCC), and together with relevant departments to promote the formation of a fair and reasonable global climate governance system to promote the formation of a fair, reasonable and win -win cooperation, to contribute Chinese wisdom. It shows China's image of responsible great powers and provides important support for ensuring the construction of national ecological civilization and promoting the development of meteorological modernization.

Produced by China Meteorological Administration Xuanke Center (China Meteorological News Agency)

Author: "Looking" News Weekly reporter Qu Chen

Edit: Jiang Hong

Review: Duan Haoshu

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