my country's total peat reserves less than 4%of Russia, how to solve the problem of the stuck neck

Meng Xianmin, Executive Chairman of the Put of Pattiotic Industry Branch of the China Estabonic acid Industry Association and a professor at the Institute of Peat Institute of Northeast Normal University, predicts that in the next 10 to 20 years, my country's peat demand will rise to 50 million cubic meters per year. But in 2021, my country's actual import of 2 million cubic meters, how to expand imports to meet market demand? Recently, Meng Xianmin's guest "China Flower Daily" live room shared on the topic of "global peat distribution with my country's peat supply chain construction". (Watch the full live video, please search for "Flower News Class" on WeChat))

Why do we import peat in my country?

"At present, many people in our country call domestic peat as grass charcoal and imported peat as imported grass charcoal. This name is inaccurate, which not only confuses the type of peat, but also affects the customs declaration of imported peat." Meng Xianmin emphasized.

Mat is the predecessor of coal and a young coal. In order to distinguish peat and coal, the academic community called the unsoplastic coal that has not yet been transformed into peats, and the forming coal of coal of lign, tobacco, and non -tobacco -free coal was referred to as coal. It does not mean that mud is called peat, and grass is called grass charcoal.

In fact, according to the type of plant residual body, peats are divided into three types: moss peat, herbal peat and woody peat. Domestic grass charcoal or imported grass charcoal is completely wrong, which will cause business exchanges and discussion of discussions due to inconsistent names.

"my country's moss peat and woody peat reserves are very small. The total reserves of herbal peat reserves is 4.6 billion tons. Compared with China's 1.4 billion population and 9.6 million square kilometers of land, it is far from enough. The advantage, and my country is exactly the scarce country of peat resources, so it has to be introduced from abroad in large scale to meet the needs of my country's modern agricultural development and the quality of cultivated land. "

Meng Xianmin analyzed the advantages of peat from the following four aspects.

The first is physical properties. The low -containment, high pores, and high water absorption characteristics of peat are comparable to other resources or materials. Mat is the best material prepared by matrix. Although coconut bran and wood fibers can replace peat to a certain extent, its global growth potential is limited, and the potential output cannot meet the global market's demand for raw materials for raw materials. And the properties of coconut bran and wood fibers are slightly insufficient compared to peat.

The second is chemistry. Mat is mainly composed of poor nutritional plants. During the development, the plant completely rely on the atmospheric precipitation to supplement nutrition. The minerals have few inputs. Therefore, the peat's conductivity and pH value are very low, which is conducive to flexibly adjustment according to the needs of planting plants during the process of preparing.

In addition, due to the formation of peat formation, it is mainly flooding and anaerobic decomposition, so the organic matter is mild and the accumulation content of rotic acid is high. The organic matter content of moss peat and woody peat can be as high as 90%to 95%, and the organic matter content of herbal peats also reaches 60%to 70%; It is also 2 to 3 times high, and the content of salvate is 10 to 20 times higher than that of chicken manure and sheep dung rot. Therefore, peat is an excellent material for improving and repairing soil health.

The third is biological characteristics. There are no germs, insect eggs and grass seeds in peat, and no antibiotics, hormones and heavy metals. As a raw material and soil conditioning agent raw material, peat has a significant advantage of decomposition, stable structure, and long post -effective period.

From Sweden and Finland's peat, crop straw, fertilizer, and recreational root measurement measures to return to the field of positioning tests for a hundred years of positioning tests, it was found that 63%of the organic carbon residues of peat organic objects were still 63%, while straw, fertilizer, and fertilizer, and fertilizer There are only 20%of organic carbon residues in the recreational test area. After 100 years, peat can still remain 14%, and other materials have long been decomposed.

Fourth, economics characteristics. The formation of peat formation is layered according to the height of the water level, so the quality is also layered. The quality of peat in the same layer is stable. Foreign peats generally adopt plane mining methods to ensure that the nature of peat is consistent. After other non -peat materials, such as straw fermentation, the inside of the pile is very different from the outside, outside the layer, and the quality is uneven, which directly affects the quality of the matrix and soil conditioning agent. In addition, peat material is loose and has excellent elasticity. The raw materials of 6 cubic meters can be compressed to 2 cubic meters, reducing the transport volume of transportation, reducing transportation costs, and improving the economic benefits of users.

The main use of peat in my country is to replace the soil and repair the soil. "At present, 2%of the imported peat in my country is used for the production of organic fertilizers or soil conditioning agents. Although the amount is not large, the future potential is huge." Meng Xianmin said that a vice president unit of the Chinese Association of Eye Acate Industry Association, imported from Indonesia The production of soil conditioning agents for this peat has formed an annual output of 1 million tons, and has obtained the first peat soil conditioning register for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry. The market prospects and corporate profits are optimistic.

Where is the source of imported peat?

Global peat resources are concentrated in cold and wet climate areas such as Europe and North America, with a total area of ​​4 million square kilometers in peat land. 86%of them belong to the undisturbed primitive peat land, 7%have been reclaimed into farmland, 4%are planted by trees, and 3%of the tropical peat land is transformed through drainage and planting palm. At present, the mining area of ​​gardening peat and energy peat is only 0.1%in the world, and the global peat mining area is less than 40,000 square kilometers.

Sorted by global peat resources reserves, the five countries with the largest reserves are: Russia, Canada, the United States, Indonesia, and Finland. For our country, Russia's peat reserves are huge and transported with a short transportation distance. It is a better choice for imports. The old equipment of a peat company in Russia is mostly products in the 1980s, and urgently need to transform and upgrade to enhance production capacity.

"Global horticultural peat mining is mainly concentrated in the two major regions of Europe and North America. Although North America also exported peat to China before, compared with Europe, its transportation costs are relatively high. Therefore, my country focuses on the European peat market." The countries with more peat reserves are Irish, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Germany. Among them, the countries with the most peat imported in my country are Estonia, Latvia and Finland.

According to Meng Xianmin's analysis, on the one hand, peat mining relies on the sky to eat. Due to the use of fluorescent radiation and natural wind, the peat is dry and then uses mechanical facilities to collect it into the warehouse. If the precipitation of that year is too much, the peat will not be effectively dry, and its mining volume will be reduced. Therefore, the production of peat in different years fluctuates very much, and the price and supply will be correspondingly affected. Due to various reasons, when the raw materials are insufficient, the European and American countries will be supplied to China only when the raw materials are sufficient.

After the epidemic strike and the improvement of food safety awareness, the demand for international peat markets continued to increase, but the supply of peat declines declined due to the suspension of Ireland. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia have uncertainty, so the supply and demand of the peat market has changed significantly.

In 2012, the annual output of peat in Europe can reach 64 million cubic meters, but by 2017, it fell to 46.36 million cubic meters, which was mainly due to the large reduction of energy peat production, which caused the proportion of gardening peat to increase. It is predicted that by 2023, the proportion of European gardening peat will rise to 72%, and by 2030, it will increase to 82%.

Judging from the import of European peat in various countries in the world, Germany has the largest import volume each year, followed by Italy, the Netherlands, and Belgium. China ranks fifth. The demand for peat in the first four countries has changed less. The increase of 35%year -on -year, peat imports have increased from 600,000 cubic meters in 2015 to nearly 2 million cubic meters.

2021 is a very bad climate, and peat output decreases. In 2022, the Russian -Ukraine conflict increased the cost of production costs of peat in the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), which further deteriorated the global peat supply and demand relationship. For the Chinese market, the risk of peat supply will further intensify, and the future uncertainty will be further increased.

How does my country develop peat supply chain?

"In response to the fierce changes in the European peat supply market, our basic strategy is to actively open up new supply sources on the basis of ensuring the stable supply of traditional suppliers." According to Meng Xianmin, because my country's peat resources are limited and the quality is not good, we must take it. The internationalized peat supply chain strategy of "capital technology goes out, and resource profits bring back" greatly improves the level of ensuring the guarantee of peat supply chain and meet the growing needs of peat in my country.

First of all, Russia's total peat reserves were 180 billion tons, accounting for 40%of the global peat reserves. Pattipation and exports were an important direction for Russia to revitalize the economy. At the same time, the opening of the country's mining policy is the best time for external capital to enter the field of peat mining, and it can become an important source of peat resources in my country in the future.

Secondly, there are 39 million to 49 million hectares of wooden peats available for mining in tropical islands, of which 120,000 square kilometers of tropical peat land has been drained for palm planting through drainage. These drainage peat land transformed into high -yielding palm planting land, and excess peats that were abandoned may become the advantageous raw materials for soil improvement in my country.

Tropical wood -based peat floor drainage channel

How should we get these peat resources? Meng Xianmin gave the following suggestions.

First, obtain resource and enterprise management rights through investment, then increase equipment, improve mining methods, increase packaging capacity, and increase peat output. At present, most Russian peat companies are concentrated in the western region. They rely on railway transportation. The price is higher than the shipping costs. In order to reduce the cost of transportation, investment cooperation between Russia's Far East and Siberian region should be selected as much as possible. It is recommended to invest in large enterprises.

Second, create a new transportation environment. Work closely with the Russian and Chinese railway transportation departments to establish a smooth and timely, economical and reasonable transportation channel to ensure the fast and convenient supply chain. At the same time, re -sort out domestic customs clearance issues, such as peat imported by Russia, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia customs cannot declare customs clearance, and relevant government departments need to actively establish customs mechanisms for peat imports to ensure the demand for peat in inland areas.

Third, through cooperation with the national railway, customs, and inspection and quarantine departments along the route, optimize the deployment of car leather containers, peat inspection and quarantine, certification recognition, standard measurement and statistical information cooperation, strengthen the safety and facilitation of peat supply chain, promote cross -border regulatory procedures Coordinate, reduce peat non -tariff barriers, simplify the conditions for peat customs clearance, reduce the cost of peat trade, and improve the level of peat trade facilitation.

Fourth, re -study the design of new peat mining methods to solve the problem of eating by the sky.Although European peat equipment is very advanced and the level of modernization is very high, it still cannot solve the problem of weather control. It needs to drive brains. From the multi -level and multi -level efforts of equipment, process, environment, climate, and engineering Improvement, stable yield, and meet the growing demand for peat in my country.Pink mining

Lump

(The picture of this article is provided by Meng Xianmin)

Author: Cai Yaxiao; Editor, Production: Li Zhanyi

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