Xinhua Full Media+丨 Shenzhou 14 astronauts out of the cabin for the first time analysis

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 2nd.

Xinhua News Agency reporters Hu Yan and Song Chen

On September 2nd, the Shenzhou 14th multiplication group completed the first out of the cabin. What is the difference between this out of the cabin and Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13? Which new aerospace technologies make the spacemen more comfortable, convenient, and secure?

The door is larger

When the Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13th multiplication group came out, the door passed was the outlet of the node compartment located in the core cabin of the space station. The caliber of the cabin door was 85 cm. In this task, for the first time, the astronauts "go out" from asking the Tianyan Experimental Counterbill Space Tank. In the case of wearing an off -cabin, you can bring the equipment more freely "walking out of the house and traveling space".

The seemingly simple geometric size is actually a balance between "rigid" and "soft". Use the principle of leverage to amplifies to find a balance point, and under the condition that the operating force of the astronauts is unchanged, the cabin door with a diameter of 1 meter is sealed. The difficulty of developing can be imagined.

As a complex product in the spaceware mechanism, the outlet door covers sealing, transmission, locking, guidance, lubrication, human machinery efficiency and other disciplines. The cabin design team implements these complex functions into the details of the product operation. Before the astronauts go out of the cabin, just use the supporting handle on the cabin door to rotate and unlock it. You can complete the movement of opening the door.

At the same time, the cabin door is also equipped with a special cabin door protection cover, and the cabin door leakage instrument is used as a seal detection method.

Safety rope longer

After successfully coming out of the cabin, a "lifeline" connected to the space staff and the space station always guarded around. This is the telescopic safety rope institution developed by the 529th Factory of the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Technology Group.

During the task of Shenzhou VII, astronauts Zhai Zhigang completed the safety lines used in the first space out of my country's space. The effective length was only more than 1 meter.

During the construction task of the space station, astronauts must complete the space station equipment installation, maintenance and other outlet tasks. Essence

In the process of out of the cabin, this telescopic rope can ensure a safe connection between the astronauts and the space station compartment of more than 10 meters without the movement of hooking or interference in the aerospace officer. The test of harsh environment such as large temperature differences, spatial irrades, and spatial particles of 200 ° C.

At the same time, considering the requirements of the effectiveness of human -machine workers, the output of constant force must be achieved to ensure that its unprepvable impact on the aerospace staff has a high difficulty. There was no similar space institutional product in China before.

With a wealth of product design capabilities in space institutions, the research team carried out the research and development of a new type of telescopic safety rope institution applicable to the space station outlet mission to help the astronauts out of the cabin to help the "one rope".

In response to the design needs of long -distance and space environmental adaptability, the innovation of the R & D team proposed a clever design solution to achieve the constant force of the wire rope. No motor provides rotation torque to avoid the introduction of cables. Convenience and mobility.

In order to reduce the resistance during the wrapping, avoid the impact of the split radiation environment on the wire rope, and prevent the wire rope from having the space suit, the designer uses special coverage materials for spatial radiation to protect the steel wire rope to ensure the safety of the institution's use of the institution Essence In order to meet the requirements of the long life use, the design scheme of the auxiliary rope ropes to guide the steel wire rope rope is also adopted, and a large number of test verification is passed to ensure that more than 10 meters long steel wire rope is tens of thousands of times in the small space of the mechanism. Wrap.

Instrument and lighting system are smarter

In this outlet mission, the instrument and lighting system brought a new "black technology" to the astronauts: gimbal lighting. The gimbal lighting launch launched with the Tiangtian experimental cabin has a full -coverage angle rotation, which will light up the outside environment of the outlet mission to become the "lighthouse" for walking outside the space staff cabin.

It is reported that the lamps outside the cabin are the first lighting equipment applied by the space station in the space station. Through the multi -freedom rotation mechanism and the design of the lighting lighting system, the photos of the spacemen's outlet and out -of -cabin's operating points are fully guaranteed.

Different from the earth, astronauts will experience about 14 days of sunset every day on the orbit. The biological clocks in the body are easily disrupted and may cause a certain degree of sleep disorders.

To this end, the instrument and lighting system uniformly planned the integrated, multi -dimensional, and quantitative lighting system supplemented by the multi -cabin multi -freedom dynamic lighting and fixed lighting of the space station, and improved the quality of life of astronauts.

After entering the space station, astronauts can adjust the lighting environment, sleep mode, working mode, and sports mode through mobile phone applications to avoid discomfort caused by long -term monotonous environment. High -quality sleep makes them work more energetic to work and live in space.

[Editor in charge: Wang Mengmeng]

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