Keynote speech | Professor Liu Zhiyang of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics: social entrepreneurship and rural revitalization

On August 29, the Social Enterprise and Social Innovation Symposium co -sponsored by the China Rural Development Foundation (formerly China Poverty Alleviation Foundation) innovation and social enterprise promotion center and public welfare charitable school was held in Beijing. The theme of this meeting is "social enterprise and social innovation", and in -depth discussing how social enterprises help social innovation.

Professor Liu Zhiyang, director of the Social Entrepreneurship Research Center of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, gave a keynote speech on the title of "Social Entrepreneurship and Rural Revitalization".

1. The significance of social entrepreneurship to rural revitalization

Social entrepreneurship is of great significance for promoting rural rejuvenation in the new era. At present, although rural development has made great progress, there are still many dilemma.

On the one hand, foreign aid development ideas, including government assistance, government assistance, etc. Although it has reduced the poverty of the countryside to a certain extent, it is difficult to provide endogenous development motivation for rural development; Traditional endogenous development ideas such as resource development, although helping farmers get rid of poverty through self -reliance, have a deeper contradiction around the rural economic development and the harmonious social environment.

Therefore, social entrepreneurship is undoubtedly a new idea to promote rural revitalization.

Social entrepreneurship is based on the creation of mixed value and common wealth of society, which is not just the balance of economic and social in the general sense. To understand social entrepreneurship, we must understand the mixed value. The mixed value not only contains pure economic value or pure social value, but also may be pure environmental value. From the perspective of entrepreneurial purposes, social entrepreneurship is to pursue higher -level hybrid values, that is, hybrid values ​​including economy, society, and environment.

From the perspective of the original mission, the original intention of social entrepreneurship is different from general business entrepreneurship and green entrepreneurship. It is a mixed entrepreneurial process. The process of social entrepreneurship is a social process. It not only involves technological innovation in the usual sense, but also involves the reconstruction of the relationship between people and people, that is, social innovation, but also involves institutional reconstruction, that is, institutional innovation. Such social innovation will definitely produce a variety of social organizations. Social organizations are a form of mixed organizations.

At this stage, the definition of social enterprises and rural rejuvenation in the revitalization of the countryside still has a certain lack of inspiration. Based on the perspective of mixed value creation and mixed value possession, the social enterprise itself is highly dynamic and is in the process of differentiation, which is only a form of mixed organization. Therefore, the more actual entrepreneurial organization and entrepreneurial form that the rural revitalization needs to be advocated should be social entrepreneurship.

Social entrepreneurship mainly promotes rural revitalization from two aspects.

First, social entrepreneurship can balance the contradiction between foreign aid and endogenous development through the logic of empowerment. Its key is to empower the stakeholders outside the organizational boundary, thereby creating a maximum social public wealth.

There are two levels of empowerment, external empowerment and internal empowerment. External empowerment is a structural empowerment, that is, to allow individuals to obtain information and resources through certain environmental mechanisms and systems; internal empowerment mainly includes psychological and capable empowerment. Psychologically emphasizing the initiative, self -efficacy and confidence of individuals, hoping to enhance and change the belief of the status quo of rural revitalization; ability emphasizes the emphasis on improving the ability of individuals to solve problems.

Second, social entrepreneurship can pass through social mission constraints and balance economic development and social environment. This is mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the social nature of the purpose and output, the purpose is to solve the problem of the countryside, not just profit; on the other hand, the social nature of the organization, the social entrepreneurial organization is not owned by shareholders, and it is also owned by shareholders, and it is also owned by shareholders. Do not take economic benefits as the main goal.

Social entrepreneurial organizations are new social organizations. The mission and goal constraints of social entrepreneurship can ensure that the social goals and environmental goals in rural development can be achieved.

2. Social entrepreneurship to promote rural revitalization mechanism

Social entrepreneurship is committed to discovering a new rural opportunity and developing this rural opportunity. In this process, the discovery, co -creation and sharing of rural mixed value can be achieved, and rural revitalization can be achieved. The process of developing rural opportunities and creating rural mixed value cannot be separated from the basic methods such as structural empowerment, ability empowerment, and psychological empowerment.

As shown in the figure above, in the process of social entrepreneurship, social enterprises promoted psychological empowerment through the means of social mobilization, breaking the original concept of the countryside, and found new opportunities for rural areas. Social innovation opportunities and social mobilization can solve the problems of basic factors and endogenous motivation. Social entrepreneurship activities have been reshaped through the triple bottom line, and the rural value assessment sharing of rural value in the future will be achieved.

The specific content is as follows:

First, social entrepreneurs can guide the discovery of rural value through psychological empowerment. A group of villages emerged in the countryside and took the initiative to try new opportunities.

Secondly, the leaders of the countryside not only are in the rural revitalization, they can also drive others, give rural rejuvenation new culture, new ideas and new thinking, and promote more people to participate in rural revitalization. The discovery of rural value is inseparable from new empowerment. Social entrepreneurship opportunities for rural revitalization are different from traditional business entrepreneurship opportunities. Some social entrepreneurial opportunities seem to lack value, but if you can develop it through effective business models, you can find new growth opportunities. This is the structural empowerment and ability empowerment to promote rural value.

Social innovation is a new idea of ​​social development strategy. Social resource mobilization is an important foundation for social innovation. Social capital is rooted in social networks. Rural social entrepreneurs should use rural credit networks to build new social networks and organizations, re -condense new social relations for resource mobilization, and reduce resource acquisition costs. Social construction is a accelerator for social development. Social construction activities can reconstruct village mutual trust assets, help social entrepreneurs build a business model based on the trust network, and reduce the cost of cooperation. Third, social entrepreneurs can empower the balance and sharing of rural value through structural empowerment. Social entrepreneurship has a clear social and ecological bottom line, and the evaluation mechanism of social entrepreneurship is different.

Therefore, there should be a suitable value occupation or value distribution mechanism in rural value balance. Social entrepreneurs have a clear economic bottom line, which can help rural areas to achieve sustainable development. In reality, it is still necessary to summarize the effective value distribution methods of various places in the process of rural social entrepreneurship.

3. Social entrepreneurship to promote the revitalization of rural.

According to the new combination of external empowerment and internal empowerment, social entrepreneurship promotes rural rejuvenation and is mainly divided into four modes: project type -external empowerment and internal empowerment are very small; mixed type -internal empowerment and external empowerment There are relatively many ones; endogenous self -hairstyle -less external empowerment and more internal empowerment; external embedded type -more external empowerment and internal empowerment less.

Fourth, digital era rural social entrepreneurship thinking

Digital society entrepreneurship is to solve complex social problems. For example, in the countryside, digital society entrepreneurship is to solve the problem of rural revitalization as the social mission, integrate digital technology into the process of social entrepreneurship, and promote the digitalization of social entrepreneurial opportunities, resources, governance and value measurement, so as to more effectively realize the economic, social and social, and society and New entrepreneurial forms of mixed value such as environment.

Digital social entrepreneurship activities can solve problems such as high costs for social resources, difficulty in the interests of collaborators, difficult to measure social influence, and difficulties in solutions. Therefore, technology is the fundamental means to solve complex social problems. Of course, it is not just technology that solves the need for integrated innovation of technology, society, and systems to solve complex social issues, but technology is the key factor.

Digital social entrepreneurship connects more digital society citizens and digital social entrepreneurs through the establishment of a social entrepreneurial platform. I hope to achieve the commonization of opportunities-resource-intelligent integration and mixed value. I also hope to form a set of digital social entrepreneurship systems and governance The model promotes the large -scale social influence and empowerment of the twin.

In the revitalization of digital villages, Aixiangbao has the original intention of social entrepreneurship. Ai Xiangbao connects all digital society citizens who want to promote the revitalization of the countryside. Many entrepreneurs in digital countryside also join Aixiangbao. It is a digital society entrepreneurial platform to solve various problems in rural revitalization, such as ancient architectural problems, village problems, and rural left -behind children. Aixiangbao uses digitalization methods to quickly and intelligently accurately match rural problems and solutions to achieve mixed value co -creation.

Aixiangbao is a typical case of digital society entrepreneurship to promote rural revitalization. The case of Aixiangbao reflects the role of digital technology and social innovation. It can better precipitate the governance methods and governance methods of digital rural rejuvenation. In the process, it is important to promote structural empowerment, ability, and psychological empowerment of rural social entrepreneurship.

In the future, in the process of rural social entrepreneurship, in addition to digital means, platformization and social entrepreneurship of large companies are also very important. Large companies have more resources, and have more mature preliminary experience and capabilities, which are new directions for rural revitalization. Therefore, in the process of rural rejuvenation, in addition to cultivating individual social entrepreneurs, they also need to encourage large companies to start their social entrepreneurship.

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