Support fertility: "re -familyization" and housework "re -socialization"

The official introduction of the three -child policy marks that the era of supporting family fertility has arrived. We urgently need to clarify the current causes of fertility and find effective measures to support fertility. The core position of the family in society and the promotion of new familyism construction, and reconstruct the important position of cultivation in culture and psychology; further promote the "re -socialization" of family affairs in specific policies, effectively alleviate the burden of family education, and finally allow three three The child policy has been recognized by reality.

■ Cui Yingling

On July 2, 2021, the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Optimizing the Development of Police to Promote the Balanced Development of Population" was released, and the three -child policy was officially released. This policy is a timely response and response to the actual situation of my country's low fertility rate, natural population rate, and aging population aging, which indicates that we have moved from the era of family planning to restrict fertility to a moderate encouragement and advocating fertility. New Era.

With the introduction of the three -child policy, the provinces have revised the planning regulations and adopted the support of the three -child policy to support family fertility from multiple aspects. The most obvious improvement measures are to extend marriage leave, maternity leave, and nursing leave. Many provinces increase maternity leave time beyond the statutory maternity leave of the country, in order to promote the implementation of the three -child policy. The adjustment of these policies shows that an era of supporting family fertility has arrived. We urgently need to clarify the current causes of fertility and find effective measures to support fertility.

Types and reasons for infertility

The reason for family choices for infertility is diverse and can be divided into three types.

First, you can't give birth. This refers to people who are subjective but objectively infertile. According to the data of the National Health and Health Commission organized in 2021 and issued the "Core Information of Infertility Prevention and Control of Health Education", the incidence of infertility in my country is 7%to 10%. It can be seen that the number of this group is huge.

Second, dare not give birth. According to the relevant survey of the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of children of children in Chinese childcare women is 1.8, while the total fertility rate of women in Chinese childcare in 2020 is 1.3. That is, the gap between willingness and actual life is 0.5 fertility gaps. Except for people who cannot be born, the rest are dare not give birth. The reason why dare not give birth is multiple aspects, including the high cost burden of family growth, the adverse effects of fertility on women's employment prospects, career development, and social customs in various aspects such as marrying vulgar and sky -high gifts.

Third, unwilling to give birth or unwilling to live more. According to the survey data of the National Health and Health Commission, the number of women of childbearing age in my country was 1.76 in 2017, 1.73 in 2019, and dropped to 1.64 by 2021. According to the author's fertility survey of 6477 married workplace in Hubei in August this year, the proportion of three of them is 3.15%, and only 1.91%of the three children actually gave birth to three children. The specific reason for unwillingness is diverse. In terms of the root cause, compared with individualism and liberal concepts, familyism concepts are relatively small. That is, starting from individuals, fertility can not be optional, or no need to have multiple.

The reasons for not being born are diverse, and the policy goals and measures for non -generating groups must be different. Policies that are not distinguished in general are not appropriate.

The "re -family" of society and the advocacy and establishment of new familyism

In the traditional sense, the main body of fertility is women. Some people think that the root cause of fertility is social. However, in the final analysis, fertility is family behavior. The carrier is family, fertility decision -making and fertility behavior are largely affected and restricted by the family system. This means that the fundamental nature of the three -child policy relying on the force is the family, and the fundamental point of policy adjustment is family construction. It first includes the system and conceptual construction of reconstruction of family and individuals. This is a long -term and fundamental goal, emphasizing the "re -familyization" of society.

The core of society's "re -family" and the advocacy of new familyism is to establish the fundamental status of family and culture in the social system and culture, and to establish the attractiveness and significance of the family to individuals. Only when people walk into families can we run families and develop families. This is a prerequisite for fertility. At the same time, we should change the concept of individualism and establish the basic concept of familyism.

Specific suggestions include three aspects:

First, start with the system, culture and education to strengthen the institutional guarantee and concept education of the family's basic status. On the one hand, the realistic considerations and execution of the importance of the family from the aspects of promotion, tax return, and educational content have been established. On the other hand, in the construction of family culture and fertility culture, education and guiding the majority of young people attach importance to family, attach importance to family relationships, abandon the family outlook on the conditions of interests, and establish a harmonious family view of respecting the elderly, mutual assistance, and family inheritance.

Second, the ideas and ideas of ideas and concepts are advocated and established in ideals: including the status of members who are equal, equal in the eldest and young, the equality of men and women, and the shareholding of family affairs, and the responsibility shall be shared; And family relationships full of love and emotion. Systems, culture and education are the status of establishing families from outside the family, and familyism is the attractiveness of the family from the internal construction of the family.

Finally, through laws and regulations, we will break the gangsters, regulate the words and deeds of family members, and guide and change the complete concept of individualism.

The "re -socialization" of family affairs and the social environment of constructing friendly fertility

The second aspect of family construction is mainly to focus on reducing the costs and burdens of business and developing families, so that people can easily choose the "socialization" of family affairs that can choose to have children. This is a specific issue that we must solve. Building a friendly environment for fertility is the key discussion of how the three -child policy is implemented. The core is to reduce the burden on the family so that the groups that cannot be born and dare to give birth can really be born and dare to give birth. From the process of pre -marital health, marriage to childbearing, raising, and pension, and all aspects of family clothing, food,,, and living, systematically and comprehensively create a friendly environment for fertility, which is the purpose of policy formulation. Specifically, including the following aspects:

The first is to strengthen the popularization of the education of unmarried and uncomfortable men and women before marriage. From the senior grade of elementary school, the knowledge of sexual safety is popular to avoid harming the body and cause infertility. Early sexual life or miscarriage cannot be caused.

Second, on the basis of the integration of maternity insurance and medical insurance, the cost of assisting reproductive, pregnancy health care and postpartum care will be further included in the social security payment list, reducing the economic burden of women and their families, and increasing various types of maternity subsidies.

The third is to establish a men's quota and flexible accompanying policy (such as continuous or segmented use of holidays, can transfer the holidays to other caregivers, etc.), strengthen male care for children, and cross the elderly to take care of their children to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child to cross the child. Support of local medical care.

The fourth is to enhance the fertility guarantee of professional women, establish and improve the co -owner -sharing mechanism of fertility costs. The government, employers, society, and families reasonably share the high economic costs brought about by fertility.

The fifth is to build a friendly community, village and units for children and the elderly, advocate the construction of parenting and mutual aid systems, build an inclusive childcare institution nearby, solve the difficulty of family situations before the age of three and the problem of care for the elderly.

Sixth, reduce the economic burden of education on the three -child family, continue to promote the balanced development of educational resources and equity education at the basic education stage, and reduce family education expenses; promote the connection between primary school students from school with parents, improve the quality of teaching in school, reform education Evaluation system. During the higher education stage, policy tools such as government subsidies and issuing education vouchers to the three -child family can further promote education fairness.

Seventh, to increase investment in social care, reduce the burden on family care, and enable the childcare couples to have more energy to raise children.

In short, only through the "re -familyization" of society, establish the core position of family in society and promote the construction of new familyism, and rebuild the important position of cultivation in culture and psychology, can we rebuild our fertility culture in the long run and be three for three. The child policy really lays the cultural and psychological foundation; and only by further promoting the "re -socialization" of family affairs in specific policies can we effectively alleviate the burden of family education and eventually allow the three -child policy to be realized.

(The author is an associate professor at Wuhan University Social College)

- END -