The animal is fierce!Sniper "Bite the Water Monster" crocodile bird

For more than a month, the entire network has seen the "bite people's monsters". Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Shandong, Sichuan, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Yunnan and other provinces have reportedly discovered similar "strange fish" crocodile birds. Three fingers were bitten by the crocodile sparrows who appeared in the community. Many places began to "pump water to fish fish". The enthusiastic citizens were in line. The fish nets and fish fork tools were complete.

It is worth noting that in order to capture two "strange fish" that have never been seen in the urban park of Ruzhou City, Henan Province, it took nearly 300,000 cubic meters of lakes in a month. 30 million netizens watch online.

Clear in many places, so crocodile is really so terrible?

According to experts, the so -called "strange fish" is a kind of freshwater giant carnivorous fish native to North America, named crocodile, with a length of up to 3 meters, the fish body is long, and there are crocodile -like ones. The short kiss, the two rows of sharp teeth of the upper and lower jaws, the whole body is full of hard enamel fish scales.

Is it necessary for such a "big movement"? Is this fish so terrible?

The reporter noticed that in the near future, Brazilian turtles were also listed as foreign invasive species by Guizhou Province. The Guizhou Provincial Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs studied and formulated four types of aquatic foreign invasion of species prevention and control technology and announced it. It proposed that species such as Brazilian turtles should strengthen publicity and eliminate release into natural waters.

To this end, the reporter of "Daily Economic News" interviewed Gu Denan, an expert of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences who specialized in "foreign fish invasion ecology". Gu Dang En is a scientist of the invasion prevention and control of foreign species in the modern agricultural industry system of the technical system of the modern agricultural industry, and the chief scientist of the foreign species and ecological safety innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences. It is very authoritative in this field.

Gu Dang En revealed that the "State Key Management Foreign Invasion Species List" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry and the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments will be announced in the near future, and the crocodile can be ranked among them.

However, he told the reporter of "Daily Economic News" (hereinafter referred to as NBD) that the crocodile crickets were not as horrible as they imagined, and at present, it is far from the point of "flooding" and should not be demonized. "The crocodile bird is still in the early stages of invasion, which can be controlled and controlled, and its harm is only theoretically large."

Gu Dangen believes that recently launched a large -scale crocodile clearance activity in many places across the country. This is like doing a popular popularization of the whole people. More people can realize the potential harm of foreign species. Playing foreign fish and other situations help avoid new invasion.

It's not as scary as legend, it is just poisonous

NBD: Why can crowded crickets attract such great attention? Is it as scary as it is now?

Gu Dang En: First of all, because in the past, everyone knew less about it; second, crocodiles did look fiercely. Due to the excessive fishing in the past, we usually see a dozens of pounds of "four people" weighing, and we will feel rare. When we see such a big "strange fish", we will pay more attention.

Of course, some self -media may have deviled it, saying that it "attacked people" or "eat fish light". Therefore, the incident has a media amplification effect.

In fact, "eating fish" is definitely in small water bodies. If it is breeding water or small public water bodies, the fish may be eaten. In general, it will definitely not take the initiative to attack people, but if you enter its territory or stimulate it, it will also be bitten by it, just like cats and dogs.

It may be okay to be bitten by other fish, but the teeth of the crocodile crickets are relatively sharp, and it may be more damaged by biting, but it is not as horrible as it is. It is only poisonous, and it is reported that its teeth and meat are also poisonous, but they are actually not. The reason why it does not eat its meat is because the scales are relatively hard, it is more troublesome to deal with, and everyone will not eat easily.

NBD: In order to capture two crocodile birds in a park in Ruzhou, Henan, it took nearly 300,000 cubic meters of lakes to take nearly 300,000 cubic meters a month. Is it necessary to spend a lot of manpower and material resources for this?

Gu Dang En: I personally think that there is not much necessary, because the purpose of arresting crocodile birds is to protect biodiversity and protect the ecological environment. But if the water is dry, there is nothing in it, and the protection object will be gone.

However, this method is not completely unparalleled, because the traffic in the urban area will be relatively large, but it can only be understood that the local area is based on the consideration of the people's safety. promote.

NBD: We are concerned that these fish captured by relevant departments will be "harmless". What is the attitude of foreign crocodiles?

Gu Dang En: In fact, simply put it in directly, just do not pollute the environment.

Foreign species are relative. For us, we are foreign species, which are local species for others.

For example, the "Four Fishes" in my country became the Asian carp that was harmful to them in the United States, so foreign attitudes towards it did not make reference.

Each species has a long -term collaborative evolution process with the local ecosystem. It has long formed a balance in the local area, and it often causes imbalance in a new environment, so we need to be alert to foreign species.

In fact, we also have a lot of fish with strong predation capacity, such as 鱤, white 鲟, 鯮, etc., and enter the pond of farmers, and it will also eat other fish. But for the fish in the natural waters, they have long adapted to the hunting hunting. During the predation, they know how to avoid it. Suddenly, the crocodile crickets are migrant species. A suitable defense mechanism. In fact, animals are the same as humans, and they must have an adaptation mechanism.

Once the aquatic creatures are flooded, it is basically unable to clear it completely

NBD: What is the harm of crocodile? How big is its harm?

Gu Dang En: The crocodile bird is still in the early stages of invasion, which can still be controlled, so its harm is only theoretically greater. In fact, it proves that its harmful cases are in relatively small water bodies, and there are no large -scale water bodies.

For example, it will eat the breeding fish in the breeding pond. This example has it, but it is rare. After all, most of the crocodiles in the pond are thrown into it. There is also in some very small lake water bodies, it eats other fish, it will eat more because of the small water body, there is no place to hide in the fish. It also eats the same in the natural water system, but its destruction is definitely not so strong.

In addition, there are some extreme situations (such as self -defense), which may be aggressive to people, but this aspect can basically be ignored.

NBD: Is there natural enemies in our country? How strong is its breeding ability?

Gu Dang En: Basically, except for people, crocodiles have no natural enemies in the natural waters. Of course, it is definitely weak when the fish eggs and fish are.

In theory, its reproductive ability is very strong. The amount of spawning should be more than tens of thousands of capsules at a time, but the egg yield of fish can actually define a very accurate value, different environments, different sizes of fish, or the same. There are differences in fish of different varieties of size.

In fact, the diffusion speed of crocodile crickets is not so fast, and its reproduction depends on the conditions. Each local conditions are different, and it does not necessarily stimulate it.

Many fish breeding must have an environmental stimulation. If the environment is suitable, the egg yield is relatively large and the incubation rate is high; if the environment is not suitable, it is not suitable for it to reproduce. It has a lot of eggs, but at present, the eggs that have been found in natural waters have not formed an absolute number, and the incubation rate is not high.

NBD: At present, the figures of crocodiles have spread throughout more than ten provinces across the country. Is this considered "flooding"?

Gu Dang En: In fact, crocodile birds are mainly manually spread. From the perspective of its distribution, it is not distributed and facial distribution like other species, because the natural diffusion of the fish is spread along the water system, and the plant diffusion is also sliced. But now the crocodile crickets are distributed in dots. Although there are more than ten provinces across the country, they are basically in the semi -natural water body such as urban lakes, or lakes in some parks or communities. Essence

Because crocodile crickets are introduced into our country as ornamental fish. At present, the consumer groups of ornamental fish are mainly in cities. Most of the urban consumer groups will release the water bodies in the city when they release them, and they rarely release them into wild water from the city.

In fact, there is no "flooding" in China in my country. If a foreign species must form an invasion, it must be able to establish a population and can cause great harm to be called flooding. But now the natural population of crocodile crickets is almost only in several lakes in the urban area of ​​Guangzhou, and it has not yet been panicked. There is no large diffusion and migration in the wild in the wild.

Other places, there is no evidence that it can form a population. Because most of the currently discovered in each region are one or two, the number is relatively small, so that the probability of male and female pairing is also small, and the probability of reproduction is low. If there are only male and female, or there are only a few fish, then the probability of building a group is relatively low.

However, although there is no flood, it must be paid attention to. If the crocodile springs spread everywhere like other species, the harm is uncontrollable.

Once foreign species, especially aquatic creatures, basically cannot be completely cleared once the flooding, and it is impossible for us to dry all the rivers to catch the fish.

It is recommended not to sell, and do not go to breeding and trade

NBD: Currently on the e -commerce platform, crocodile can still be bought. Why can't I not stop selling? Is this considered illegal selling foreign species?

Gu Dang En: According to the current laws, the Biological Safety Law only provides related regulations on the introduction, release and discarding, and does not clearly specify that it cannot be cultivated and trade.

However, the "Administrative Measures for Foreign Invasion Species", which is now equipped with the Biological Safety Law, mentioned that the relevant departments should take necessary measures to evaluate the evaluation of high -risk risks to evaluate the prevention and control expert committee of foreign invasion and increase prevention.

The upcoming list of the "National Key Management of Foreign Invasion Species" (hereinafter referred to as the "List") If the crocodile crickets are included, the management of crocodile crickets will be stricter.

Of course, from a scientific perspective, we recommend that you do not sell, and do not breed and trade, because crocodile can actually be regarded as a "hundred harm but no benefit" species. Farmers that are breeding through informal channels are good, and for the country, the damage is greater. NBD: Just mentioned that the "List", which is about to be announced, will incorporate crocodile crickets. Why wasn't the previous "List" incorporated?

Gu Dang En: There was indeed no crocodile crickets in the "List" published in 2012. At that time, there were very few crocodile crickets at the time, and there were no types of species, so it could not be regarded as invasive species.

But after these two years of observation, we found that it has met the invasion conditions and we need to perform stricter control. Therefore, when the "List" solicited opinions last year, we suggested adding the crocodile crickets. We cannot wait until it is uncontrollable and then controlled. Later, we basically proved that our proposal at the time was right.

The formulation of "List" is a systematic work. In fact, it started the year before, because it includes different species, and approval involved related departments such as agriculture, forestry, so it takes a certain time and is expected to be announced soon.

NBD: What conditions do you need to meet a certain species into the "List"?

Gu Dang En: Foreign species have become invasive species including 4 stages.

The first is to quote. Without humans direct or indirectly, foreign aquatic creatures cannot enter our country.

Followed by Jianqun, that is, to establish a natural population. If it is only cultivated in aquarium or aquaculture pond, it cannot cause harm, but if the quotation is discarded and released into a natural waters, it may cause harm like a crocodile.

Only species that can overwinter and reproduce in natural waters can establish natural populations. Even if it is thrown into the natural waters, not all fish can be built. For example, some tropical fish cannot build groups.

The third is spreading. If there is no ability to spread after the establishment of a natural population, it cannot spread, and the harm is not great.

The fourth stage is invasion. Only those species that have established populations and can spread, and bring harmful species can we call foreign invasion species.

In fact, the invasive species are only a small part of foreign species. Like corn, sweet potatoes, peppers, potatoes, etc. are also foreign species, not all foreign species are harmful.

Taking crocodile crickets as an example, because it can reproduce in natural waters and appear natural population. Although it is small, it has proved that it has the foundation of the group and also brings some harm. Therefore, we recommend that it includes it into the "List" to strictly prevent it.

After being included in the "List", the crocodile pupa breeding and trade or affected

NBD: Once it is included in the "List", what impact will it have on the species?

Gu Dang En: The "Administrative Measures for Foreign Invasion Species" mentioned that there must be more stringent management measures, but how to manage it should be analyzed according to the specific species, not every species is the same. , Perform more refined supervision, not "one -size -fits -all".

For example, bullfrogs are also foreign invasion species, but management should be distinguished from farming and field. The defense of the field of defense, the control of the control, the destruction of the destroy, and the breeding should still be cultivated, but it really cannot be cultivated casually as before, but it must be cultivated under a strict control and control. Qualifications, not to be raised.

As far as the crocodile is concerned, the breeding and trade should be affected after being included in the "List", but the specific work is not yet determined.

NBD: Will the species incorporated into the "List" be dynamically adjusted? Is there a case that was controlled after being included in the "List"?

Gu Dang En: Dynamic adjustments will be made. For example, if a species can be controlled, there is no need to be strictly controlled. This dynamic management is more for some new species. If some species that have been small and currently harmful are found in accordance with the evaluation, you need to be incorporated in time.

But a foreign species is relatively rare in the "List". Because it is still difficult to prevent and control like aquatic biology.

For example, the 是 鲳 should be in the first batch of lists, but we have monitored for so many years and found that the ingredients are basically gone in the natural waters. Therefore, this "List" is not listed, but it is formulated based on a long -term actual survey. Although the ingredients are very harmful, the domestic rivers are basically not seen. That is, there is no evidence in China that can prove that it can overwinter and reproduce, and it does not meet the invasion conditions.

Therefore, this species can only be regarded as a high -risk foreign species and cannot be regarded as a high -risk foreign invasion species. According to scientific definitions, the ingredients should be removed from the "List".

NBD: How can the academic community evaluate the risks of foreign species? Just like crayfish are also foreign species, but they become delicious in China, and why do some countries become an ecological burden?

Gu Dang En: In fact, risk assessment includes many dimensions, not only the local natural climate and the physiological, living habits of fish, and its adaptability to the environment, but also some human activities.

There is a more typical example, such as the so -called Qing Daofu, a scientific name of Leopard Paper. It is a big reason for the invasion of my country's invasion because no one eats it. Another example is our four major fish (in the United States, some carp fish from Asia are collectively referred to as Asian carp) are also very prominent in the US invasion, which is also related to American eating habits, because they think that the four fish have fish. Breakthrough, do not eat this kind of fish in the local area. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of foreign species are relative. Although the crayfish also invaded my country, it only formed harm in some relatively small range, and it is generally controllable.

Generally speaking of the harm of crayfish, it is mainly to some terraces in Yunnan, Guizhou and other places. But in general, it has a certain promotion effect on economic income and even food security, so we use it as a foreign species to manage and prevent it, but we are not strictly controlled as a foreign invasive species that requires key management.

The management of foreign species must consider the state of food security and the balance of ecological security. It is impossible to cancel all the industry due to small and controllable harm. Of course The species is light.

Protecting biological diversity is an important basis for resisting foreign species

NBD: How to define the invasion and naturalized species in foreign species? Some people think that no natural enemies in the country should not be introduced. What do you think of this?

Gu Dang En: Betain species means that it has slowly adapted to the local ecological environment, and naturalization can also be called homogeneous. Like the current corn and sweet potatoes, they used to be foreign species, but now they have been integrated with our agriculture and our lives. However, there are relatively few naturalized fish.

The invasive species mainly refer to the harmful foreign species, and it can also be said that it is a long -term harmful foreign species. There are also some foreign species called temporary existing, such as food people. At that time, it might exist in the river for a while, but it only existed temporarily. It may not be able to get more winter.

Foreign species do not have invasion without natural enemies. There may be no natural enemies when this species was introduced, but it may be later. For example, some insects have a wide range of feeding. It was originally eating other species, but after adaptation, it also feeds new foreign species.

NBD: Some data show that more than 660 foreign invasive species have been found in China, and the loss caused by each year has reached 200 billion yuan. In order to minimize this loss, does it need to prevent all foreign species entering the country? What do you think of the relationship between the invasion of foreign species and the protection of biological diversity?

Gu Dang En: If all foreign species are introduced, it may cause other losses. In fact, how to use and control the root.

Not all species must be introduced, and some people who do not have benefits to the country's economy do not need to be introduced. For example, many varieties we have cultivated now are foreign species, such as a lot of South whitening pairing shrimp we eat. Its seedlings often need to be introduced. If it is not allowed, the residents' tables will be less delicious, and related industries will also be on the table. Affected by some.

On the one hand, the invasion of foreign species will definitely affect the biodiversity of local species; on the other hand, if the diversity of local biodiversity is reduced, it will actually promote the invasion of foreign species.

Protecting biological diversity is a way to resist foreign species invasion; prevention and control of foreign species invasion is also an important content to protect biodiversity. Because a great impact of foreign species invading is to affect biodiversity.

There are more foreign species. It seems that biological diversity in the short term is increased. For example, 10 kinds of foreign species suddenly put in the river, and the number of species suddenly increased by 10 species, but the long -term view of other species may gradually decrease. Therefore, in the long run, it may cause damage to biodiversity.

NBD: What efforts do we need to prevent foreign species invasion? Which shortcomings are made up?

Gu Dang En: Strikes from foreign species to four stages of invasive species to work hard to prevent and control.

First of all, strict control should be strictly controlled during the quotation stage. If you do not go illegally, there will be no invasion.

Secondly, we must do a good job of science to avoid discarding and release. Taking crocodile crickets as an example, if it is only raised in a farm or aquarium after being cited, it cannot enter the natural waters, and it cannot bring harm.

It is particularly emphasized here to carry out correct popular science. For example, some media articles say that Fushou snails and African snails are "unable to touch", which is not conducive to their prevention and governance. Originally, everyone could destroy it, but when you said "can't touch", who dares to catch it? Who dares to touch? This may lead to any flood of it. So the correct popular science is very important.

The third is to protect biological diversity. If our local biological diversity is rich enough, many foreign fish will not be so easy to flood after entering the natural waters.

The fourth is to encourage the participation of the whole people. Just like crocodile, everyone recognizes the harm of this species after the popular science, and all places have begun to arrest. Although they cannot be completely eradicated, at least they can be governed. More importantly, the occurrence of this incident is equivalent to a popular popularization of the whole people. After more people realize the potential harm of such a foreign species, it will not occur in the natural water body. Avoid new invasion. Reporter's notes: prevent the invasion of foreign species invasion, the participation of the people

In the near future, Chinese people have unprecedented understanding of the name of the name of crocodile crickets. The "encirclement" of the whole people's crocodile crickets has not yet ended, and the thinking of the invasion of foreign species caused by the incident has continued.

In recent years, the number of invasion of foreign species in my country has shown an upward trend, becoming one of the countries with the worst harm of foreign species invasion in the world. Data show that more than 660 foreign invasion species have been found in my country.

Some foreign invasive species have rapidly reproduce and lack the restrictions of natural enemies. They often grow wantonly growth to be new and new dominant species, severely damage local biodiversity, and cause irreversible harm to the ecosystem.

And this time the "strange fish" storm is also equivalent to making a popular popular science for everyone, which also made us realize that the invasion of foreign species invaded the whole people to participate.

Only by letting everyone recognize the potential harm of foreign species invasion can we curb the situation of random species, discard and release at will from the source, and this is also what I can prevent external species invasion and protect biological diversity.

Daily Economic News

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