Big River Turburning 丨 Changhe Swaying the Heaven and Earth

Pomegranate/Xinjiang Daily reporter Liu Donglai

This is a large river in the center of the Asian continent. In the time sequence of the planetary scale, the Tarim River has just been born for ten seconds, and the intersection with modern humans is only a few seconds. The trembling river sways between the heavens and the earth, connecting the world's widest inland river system, like a bright necklace worn on the chest of Asia. This big river has a lot of weather. It has flowed from the deep time to this day, leading life, and galloping towards the vast space, with countless possible futures.

In the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the river was winding and flowing, and the crowds and lush forests on both sides of the strait were lush and vibrant (drone shooting on August 12). Photo by Li Fei

The sand grains slipped, like a wave of waves, murmured

The desert is the base of the tower river system. The "Sea of ​​Death" Taklama Gan, covering an area of ​​nearly 340,000 square kilometers. Where does this desert come from? The answer is deep in the desert of 180 kilometers south of Hotan City. One red, one white, and two -seater hills are neighboring. In the sunset, the twilight is deep. This is the world -famous "Holy Tomb Mountain".

On July 26, 2022, a bird's eye view of the Yaqian Reservoir Tabwuzi, the reservoir of the Yaqian River, temporarily diverted the dragon mouth. Pomegranate cloud/Xinjiang Daily reporter Zou Yan, Photo

The flood of the Hetian River was surging during the flood season, like a child jumping towards the distant tower river. On the river, the Holy Tomb Mountain was sitting like an old man, looking at the Hetian River away. After the existence of countless years, the tall mountains composed of red sandstone and white plaster have been constantly eroded by wind, and they are as endless. Silent rocky is engraved with the coming of the earth -the ocean!

Sandstone and cream and ointment inter -mud layer are evidence of the dry ocean. The huge Tarim Basin covers an area of ​​560,000 square kilometers, and has been sinking many times as the ocean. The earth is not hidden. North of Bachu County, the back mountain from Aksu to Kashgar Highway, with 570 million to 439 million years ago, was exposed. Later, 295 million years ago, between the northern Eurasian continent and the Southern Ggana continent, a super -Mediterranean named Guttis Sea appeared. Tarim was the east extension part. This is just one of Tarim's many reincarnations between sea and land.

But today's vast Taklama -Gang Desert is not a direct residue of the ancient and previous oceans. Until 65 million years ago, the world of heaven and earth occurred at the same time.

In the East, the Himalayan mountain movement prompted the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau to continue to bulge. By 27 million years ago, it had reached a terrible height of 4,000 meters, and continued to rise, and the ground was southwest. In the West, the new Tatis seawater was fully invaded, and the sea entered the era of the sea again. From 24 million years ago to 12 million years ago, the seawater had occupied almost all the Tarim regions.

The Qinghai -Tibet Plateau continued to rise, and the great force made it. From about 10 million years ago to 5 million years ago, the sea water retreated again and returned to the ocean. The former entrance to the mouth is now on the top of the peak.

But there is not much time to leave the ocean! In the ground, the Indian sector and the Eurasian sector continued to impact. The energy in the depths of the earth was released for millions of years, and the Kunlun Mountains, Karakon Mountains, and Pamir Plateau slowly rose. Finally, the connection between Tarim Sinitis and the southern ocean was completely cut off. The uplink of the surrounding mountains sinks the center, and Tarim becomes a closed basin. The sea becomes a large lake, which is divided, the river is vertical and horizontal, the lakes are four cloth, the river flowing plain and the foothills of the mountains have fan the dried Delta accumulation into the main landform.

The most severe changes have arrived in the fourth year from 2.5 million to 1 million years. Although it started 12 million years ago, just two or three million years ago, the largest independent weiri mountain system on the planet, the Tianshan system, formed quickly. This super mountains suddenly came to the world and crossed the north of the Tarim Basin.

At this point, the Xiongshan Plateau stands between the heavens and the earth, completely wrapped the Tarim Basin, and isolate almost all low -altitude marine water vapor. For millions of years, the giant sun baked the earth, and the lake gradually dried up. The residual sand and gravel that originated from the Sea of ​​the New Tetis was stirred, rolled, and deserted by millions of years. When people climb the dunes of two or three hundred meters, the bottom of the strong sand layer is the heritage of giant lakes and rivers.

Today, a handful of sand was picked up in the Taklama -Ganan desert, and he picked up a holding of the sea of ​​memory. The mustard -like sand grains far exceeded the sky ice peak. Most sand grains are shaped and impacted by waves and water flow. When it sprinkle the fingertips, it is gentle and silky, like a wave of waves.

But life did not end with the ocean. In the past millions of years, when the mighty water in the middle of the Tarim Basin was plundered to the sky by the hot sun, under the influence of the atmospheric circulation, the towering mountains around the basin were in the mountains, and the "temple" of the water was forming.

The big water is surging, down from the top of the mountain

Muzetag peaks with an altitude of more than 7,500 meters high entered the clouds and stood on the beautiful Pamir Plateau. In Xinjiang, there is no area where the glacier is more directly facing the glacier. Looking up at the Muzeta Peak at the foot of the mountain, it can be clearly seen that the original round -like mountains were cut by several hundred meters of canyons by several glaciers, as if a giant octopus entangled on the earth. The light blue glaciers such as a thousand -meter -long super tentacle, rushing towards the eyes, making people daunting.

But the last contact is extremely gentle. The icing tongue of the huge glacier slowly extended into the front mountain gravel belt, and the drops of water melted into the stream of the stream, over the grass, forming a mirror -like Karakol Lake, and then flowing from the other end, all the way down. The glaciers of Mu Shiterfeng extended from all sides to the foot of the mountain, and melting water remitted into many rivers such as the Titanfu River, the Tashkurgan River, and the Yeerqian River. The situation is the situation adjacent to Gong Gelfeng and Gong Geer, as is the situation. Looking at this "Three Peaks of Tianzhu", there is no difference between the Tomul Peak and Khantengle Peak Glacier who are inserted directly into the clouds. These glaciers are not ancient. They are the products of the Glacier era of the Fourth Culture (about 2.5 million years ago), known as "modern glaciers". The total number of glaciers in the Tarim River River Basin has a total of 12,664, with an area of ​​nearly 17,650 square kilometers, and the ice reserves of more than 18,41 cubic kilometers. The formation and energy conversion of modern glaciers eventually contributed to the birth of the tower river system.

During millions of years, the top of the mountains around the Tarim Basin, the sun shines the glacier. The water droplets are melted out of the front end of the icing tongue, the droplets become water lines, the waterline is remitted into a creek, the creek is in line with a tributary, and the tributary is gathered into a river. Rush out of Yamaguchi. Nine large rivers and 144 rivers appeared on the ground, forming the world's largest inland river system, the Tarim River Water system.

When rainfall, the temperature decreases, and the melting speed of the glacier slows down, forming a runoff of rainwater. In the southern Xinjiang of temperate continental drought, it is difficult to rainfall compared with the eastern coast, and the flood is relatively weak. When the temperature is hot, there is no cloud, the melting speed of the glacier is intensified, the scale is magnificent and lasting, and the water volume is abundant. When the red day of the mountain is empty, and the mountainside clouds are annotated, the two streams of water converge, and the rush of flood peaks will surge. Formed.

But no matter what kind of floods, another key element that produces shocking power is the gap. The nine rivers that constitute the source of the tower river, from the birthplace of the glacial snow to the outlet, only two or three kilometers long. At this extremely short distance, the maximum gap between the river can reach a huge of thousands of meters. It is not exaggerated to describe it for three thousand feet.

In the "marching" that was overwhelming and violent.

During millions of years, the huge temperature difference between day and night caused the rocks to repeatedly swell and contraction, gradually crushed, and the water was deeply penetrated into the rock cracks, and the volume expanded after frozen, causing the rock further. In this way, the alpine rocks are broken down into gravel and sand, collectively referred to as "debris substances". They were wrapped down by the water, not only provided a new source of sand for the desert, but also became the continuous "raising" of all things under the mountains.

The river is like a giant pen, waved on the earth

Starting from the longest source of the Yaqian River, the Tarim River has a total length of 2486 kilometers and a total area of ​​1.02 million square kilometers. The big river is like a super brush. It has been on the heavens and the earth for millions of years, and the paintings are countless. They all use life as the background.

First of all, it is the oasis in front of the mountain. When the water rushed out of the mountain mouth in the tower river basin, it was immediately blocked by the desert. Overlooking from high altitude, countless flooding fans are scattered on the land of Kunlun Mountain and the Qianmen Mountains, such as thousands of lotus rong swaying at the desert.

On August 22, overlooking the main tributary of the downstream of the Tarim River's dry stream (drone shooting) near the Wenswa River. Pomegranate cloud/Xinjiang Daily reporter Zou Yan, Photo

For a long time, the sediment deposition of soil has formed soil, and the rich nutrients are hidden in it, and the earth tends to tend to fertile. Life can survive, and civilization can be born, maintained, and prosperous. The most dense and most dynamic oasis around the Tarim Basin are concentrated in the narrow area between the mountains and the desert. Human beings seeks asylum in the natural oasis to this day, forming the survival pattern of natural oasis and natural oasis.

The river continued to run into the desert, and the journey was extremely difficult. On the ground, the southwest wind and the northeast wind fiercely contended, driving the desert to move. Flails invaded the river, forcing the river to move continuously and wandering.

At the same time, the riverside rate of the plain area slows down, sediment is constantly deposited along the way, and it has become a hanging river above the ground for a long time. During the flood, the flood can be easily flushed away and overflows around. When the desert and the wind forced the river to move, the flood overflowed again in the new territory.

After the year, in the extremely dry and hot Asian hinterland, the tower river was swaying, and it gave birth to the widest puppet forest on the planet. Hundreds of millions of leaves were yellow in autumn, such as the golden rivers shining on the earth. Accompanied by it, there is a shrub represented by the willow. The Joe shrub ecosystem that was born along the tower river stretches thousands of kilometers, becoming the wall of life blocking desert expansion, and their roots touched the magnificent miracle of the most hidden place in this land.

In deep underground, huge flowing water is moving slowly. The basic geomorphology composed of sand and Gobi makes the river water easily penetrate into the ground and gather from the front to the bowl of the basin. The conversion rate of surface water in the Tower River Basin to the total groundwater exceeds 85%. On the sun, the Taklama -Ganan desert is hot and unparalleled, but under the sandy sand, the big water soup.

In the lower terrain or the zone with a rock layer crack, the underground rivers return to the surface, develop spring eyes, and accumulate ponds, so that the vast desert, the stars of the place where life rests. This is just a natural career, but it has become the key protection of human civilization.

It is the dual guarantee based on the surface rivers and underground dark rivers that ancient business travel can migrate between the distant oasis, and the Silk Road can be formed. The wheat born in the two river basins passed through the east of the Silk Road to the Central Plains, replacing the lower output of millet, and the development has become the main grain crop. The vast Tarim Basin, the ancient and modern waterways, the bright and dark rivers meet, they nourish the oasis, irrigate the farmland, and continue to move the salt of the upstream oasis soil to the deserted tails of the downstream through the long river, reduce the pressure of the oasis soil salt. The Tahe created an oasis, took care of the oasis, and then bid farewell to the oasis, and walked towards its final destination -tail.

For millions of years, the salt was continuously accumulated in the tail of the tower river, forming an ultra -thick salt layer. In the long years, they have continuously precipitated minerals with metal and metal elements, including sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium and other key elements that support human economic and social development.

These elements were originally extremely scattered in the crust. The river moved them to the lake of the tail, gathered, and deposited, forming a huge and easy -to -mining mineral. As a strategic resource that ensures food safety, potassium is one of the three major elements of crop growth. In the old tail of the Tower River and the Peacock River, the potassium salt produced was supporting the development of the entire China. In today's Taska Lake Tama, Tama, the underground has also formed a thicker salt layer of several meters, which is the gift of this big river to the future.

On the wide lake bed, a small part of the river water returned to the sky by steaming. Most of the river water sneaked into the ground from the leakage, and the life of the inner rivers ends. It started on the top of the mountain and belongs to the surface. The torrents of the tower river system are magnificent. During the millions of years, the earth flows between the heavens and the earth, carved the earth, generates mineral collection, breeds civilization, connected the world, and finally disappeared quietly in the world. Among the yellow sand.

However, compared with another super river, the Tarim River is insignificant. It is the most magnificent river known in the universe. It is endless, and the water is deep.

It is time!

In the past few decades, human beings have a strong influence on the Tarim River. However, the river water does not care about the flow of flow. In nature, there is no difference between the dead desert and the green forest. Human use of nature will eventually act on itself, and then in the long river of time to make a mirror, which reflects what method we use to exist in this most beautiful planet in our own eyes.

That is a memorial, even more declaration!

Special thanks: Researcher Gui Dongwei, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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