Liu Yuan Song Jinhua Qian Qian Qian Qian Tao: How does the Song Dynasty spend their fate?

During the Song and Jin Dynasties, the theme of "Benzi Star Officer, Benzhi Yuanshen, Shou Xing" spent money test

Liu Yuan

Introduction: During the Song and Golden period, the money was spent, the casting craftsmanship, and the high level of art. In Song Jin's spending money, the monsters spent money for the outline. Among them, the most categories are the categories of the star official series, the destiny Yuanshen series is second, and there are many inscribed fairy turtle cranes back to the twelve zodiac signs (that is, the Shouxing series). The money industry usually mixes the three. In this article, the natal star, the destiny Yuanshen, and the Shouxing star who spent the money in the Song and Jin dynasties were reviewed and sorted out.

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1. The fate of the star is different from the evidence of the destiny Yuanshen

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Figure 1. Bennding Star Officer, Benzi Yuanshen, Shouxing spent money (Mr. Zhou Xi Collection)

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Mr. Zhou Xi has a rare collection of monsters with a rare collector star, the destiny Yuanshen, and the longevity of Shouxing (Figure 1). From the perspective of the shape style and casting process, it belongs to the Song and Jin period. Wear the inscription on the lotus card on one side: the star of the star, the goddess of the gods, wearing the incense burner, and sitting on both sides to sit on both sides holding a jade (an ancient emperor or the princes held a jade ware, a circular or sword -shaped shape under the ceremony. , Symbolize status and rights, many emperors or officials in Taoist water and land paintings hold Guiyi), fairy officials with head wearing the crown, and the twelve zodiac signs of the outer circle; The image of the immortal image was sitting under the tree, wearing a crane, wearing the left child and girl holding the lotus leaf, and the turtle on the lotus leaf. This Qian inscription indicates that the destiny star official and the god of the Yuan Dynasty are marked, and each has its own image symmetry, which shows that the two are different gods. On the other side, the Taoist fairy is Shouxing (detailed later).

In the literature and materials of the Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra (Calendar in the Dunhuang area), there were S.2404, written by Dunhuang calendar Zhai Fengda during the five generations of Dunhuang calendar. Among them, the "Gexian Gongli Beidou Map" and "Monkey Phaseptic Life Yuan God Map" are included in the same page.

Figure 2 "Gexian Gongli Beidou Map" and "Monkey Phaseptic Ordering Yuanshen Map"

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Figure 2 The annotation of the figure: "Gexian Gongli Beidou method: Xixian Gongzhi's heart every night to the Beidou to extend the county. Zheng Junli Dou, long life, not injured the blade." The painted in the picture is Gexian The Taoist ritual of the seven stars in the North Dipper is the seven -star star on the picture. The incense burner was placed on the middle table, and the left below kneeled and worshiped one person as Ge Xiangong.

Figure 2 Below comments: "Shen Shengren, monkeys are ordered to kill the gods. The character is the destiny of all the people in the world.

If the destiny star is the god of the Yuan Dynasty, it is not necessary to repeat the painting twice in a page of paper. Therefore, Figure 2 also shows that the destiny star official and the destiny are different gods.

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Second, the destiny star faith

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1. The origin of the star official

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(1) The concept of destiny

"Three Kingdoms · Wei Shu · Guan Zhuan Biography" has "my destiny is in Yin", which shows that the destiny refers to the earthly branch of the year.

Fan Dacheng of the Southern Song Dynasty, Fan Dacheng, is "Sixty -one in the New Year of the Bingwu, and is called the Fate of the Yuan Dynasty, and the poem is self -proclaimed." The poem, the author understands: "The age of the year is born" means that according to the year of the year (Jupiter), the poet was born in the age of the poet, and the second time the year of the year was the twelve times in the year of the year. "Chen" means that Tai Sui Xing came to the year of the poet's destiny. Chen refers to the twelve Chen of the Tai Sui years; "Geng Yin" shows that the poet's birthday is Geng Yin Day, and at the same time, it shows that the life refers to the year of birth rather than the birthday.

Some experts believe that Fan Dacheng's poems illustrate the destiny that is the Yuan Dynasty, referring to the year of the year of birth, and one round of the sixty years. However, the author believes that it cannot be ruled out that the annual life year also refers to the twelve years as the reincarnation, because it naturally contains five earthly reincarnation in sixty years. If you understand the concepts of twelve times and twelvecas, the reincarnation of this year is twelve years. The saying of our fate now is still based on the zodiac signs of the birth year, and once a turn of the twelve years. The destiny does not necessarily refer to the Yuanming, because the poem says that the 61 -year -old is called the fate of the Yuan, then the Yuanming is a reincarnation of 60 years. If the destiny is twelve years and one cycle, the Yuanming is not the same as the life.

Twelve times and year -old star methods: The ancients divided into twelve parts from west to east near the zodiac, called twelve times. The names of the twelve times are: Xingji, Xuanzhang, 娵訾, Faou, Da Lou, Da Liang, Sinking, Quail Fire, quail tail, Shouxing, fire, analysis of wood. The cycle of the year -old star (that is, Jupiter) is roughly 12 years in the cycle of the sun. Therefore, Jupiter runs in a twelve position in Jupiter. This is the year -old star method.

Twelve Chen and Tai Sui Chronicle method: Because Jupiter's cycle around the sun is 11.8622, it is not accurate to run the year in Jupiter's twelve times, so the ancients imagined a Tai Sui Xinglai Chunnian, and the ten days near the zodiac were the ten days near the a week. The twelve earth branch, such as the east to west of the east to the west, is divided into the twelve earth branches, and the direction of its arrangement is exactly the opposite of the twelve times. The combination of Ethereum and Twelve Chen is called Tai Sui Chunnian, such as the area where Tai Sui runs to Yin, called "Tai Sui Yin".

(2) The concept of destiny star official

In the "Orthodox Taoism" in the Ming Dynasty Taoist classics, "Taishang Xuanling Beidou Ben's Ben Yan Sutra": "Lao Jun said, Beichen's vertical elephant, and the stars arch are the cardinals of the creation, the master of the gods, the master of the gods, the master of the god man . Xuanwei Three Realms, unifying the spirit of all spirit. The period of judging the good and evil of the world, the signs of Yin and Yang is right and wrong. The emperor, the lower and the people, although the inferiority is in the same way, there are no differences in their lives. There are many people who are alive, and there are many people who are obsessed. , Mo Xiao's path to the truth, causing the soul god to be tied, the scourge is entangled. , Or the ghost complaints. If you are in danger, how to save the solution, you need to invite Beidou, thank you Zhenjun. In this class, he can recognize the true life of the true life, and the Fang won Antai, and even Kang Rong. Try to do everything. See the true ceremony of Beidou in respect. Beidou First Yangming greedy wolf Taixingjun, the son of the son is born; Lu Cunzhen Xingjun, Yin Yan is born of a person; the fourth Xuanmingwen of Beidou, the new star, the belonging to the people; The sixth Arctic martial arts Ji Xingjun, who has never been born; on the seventh day of Beidou, Guan Pojun Guan Xingjun, born at noon.

Native

Lao Jun said that the five bodies of the mortal nature belong to the master of the star of the palace. The goddess of the destiny, the star official, often yiny, the host's life, so that the year of Baotian. All vulgar ignorance, unreasonable for life. The husband's ordered star officials are descended to the world at six degrees, and the downshuman is the time limit. There are three thousand people in Nanling, seven thousand gods of Beidou star. The true officials descended to the driving off, and the people really came to support it. It can eliminate the crime of disaster, please Fu Yan Sheng. Following Zhangzhang, Ford has enlisted. It has a period of time. I do n’t know it. I do n’t know that it is fast and does not cultivate incense. Those who are fascinated, although they encounter the scriptures, do not confidence, slander the true text. Such a person. After thanking, there was no three ways, and it was fun. "

The Jing was included in the Orthodox Taoism, indicating that the creation of the scripture was not later than the orthodox years of the Ming Dynasty. Comprehensive analysis of the above text, we can know that the star official, the destiny Zhenjun, and the palace star official are the different titles of the destiny star official. Star official is the title of Xingsu worshiping fairy characters. Benzi Star Officer refers to the seven stars in Beidou, which are Yangming greedy wolf Taixingjun, Yinjing giant gate Yuan Xingjun, real person Lu Cunxingjun, Xuanming Wenqu Xingjun, Dan Danjun, Dan Yuan Lianzhen Xingjun, Arctic Martial Arts Ji Xingjun, Tianguan Break Jun Guan Xingjun.

The seven star officials of the Beidou Seven Stars correspond to the Zodiac signs, and the seven star officials are managed by the emperors to the emperors: the greedy wolf star is in charge of the child, and the giant gate star is in charge of the ugly sea birth. Lu The Star official is in charge of the birth of the younger people, the officials of the Wenqu Xing are in charge of the birth of the age, the Lianzhenxing official is in charge of Chen Shen's birthday, the Wuqu Xing official is in charge of the birth of the person, and the army star is in charge of the noon. Figure 2 "Gexian Gongli Beidou Map" in the left side of Gui standing on the left should be a star official in the seven stars of Beidou. It should be the Lianzhen Star Officer in charge of Shen Nian.

According to expert research, the corresponding relationship between the Beidou Qixing and the Zodiac signs has appeared in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The "Materia Medica" cited by the Japanese medical book "Medical Heart Fang" (expert research was the Northern and Southern Dynasties): Tai Sui was born at noon, which was broken in the military star ... Tai Sui was born in the martial arts ... Star ... Tai Sui is born in the… 属 ... belongs to Wenqu Xing ... Tai Sui is in Yin Yin, and is Lu Saoxing ... Tai Sui was born in the Ugly Hai, belonging to the giant gate star ... Taisui is born in the child, belongs to greedy wolf stars ...

The Dunhuang testament p.2675 "Seven Star Fate" (Xiantong Two Years, that is, 861st Tang Dynasty 861): At noon, it belongs to the Broken Army ... …… 戌 ...

Many classics of the later generations have also continued the corresponding relationship between the above -mentioned Beidou seven stars and the zodiac signs.

"Taishang Xuan Ling Beidou Ben's Wind Yisheng Sutra" contains: "Lao Jun said, Beichen is vertical, and the stars are arched. Essence

From this we can judge that the star of the star is from the worship of Xingju, which refers to the figures of the Beidou Seven Stars. There are seven gods, and they are in charge of the different people in the world.

2. The function of the star official

"Taishang Xuanling Beidou Ben's Wind Yan Sutra" contains: "There is the ability to return to death, and the power of disaster relief ... Moderator's life, so that the fate of the fate is in charge of the mortal The core function of life and death is to control the life of mortals.

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At the same time, the text also said that the different belonging to the person (the person of the different belonging in the article, the author's understanding according to the understanding) belongs to the destiny star six times a year in the daily life limit of different phases (the author understands that the six -time life limit period should be every time it should be every time for each time. There are two sayings of the birthday of individuals six times a year: one is the same day of the year of life, such as Jiazi birthday, the day of the day is the day of birth; And there are Nanling (Nan Dou) messengers and Beidou gods. If mortals do not set up fastness and do not repair the incense to support the birth star official, then the mortal star will allow mortals to reduce their life span (Taoism is calculated as three days of three days. ), The most serious death will sink to three routes (that is, fire, blood, knife).

"Gexian Gongli Beidou Map" commented: "The former Xian Gongzhixin will give the Beidou every night to extend the count. Zheng Junli Douguan, long life, not injured the blade." It is the life of mortals. 3. The prevalence of the fate of the star official faith

From the Dunhuang testament S.2404 "Hou Tang Tongguang's Two Years A Shen Sui Note Day and Preface" was recorded "Gexian Gongli Beidou Map" to judge. Although Dunhuang reached the period of history in the Tang Dynasty, it was finally a border area, and its cultural prosperity was difficult to compare with the Central Plains region. However, in the calendar of the 5th Dynasties, the "Gexian Gongli Beidou Map", which is recorded in the calendar book of the 5th generation of the Return Army. Instead, it can be inferred that the belief of the destiny star official in the Central Plains region is more prosperous.

At present, the money that is determined to be the theme of the Tang and Five Dynasties has not yet been concluded, but it is not ruled out that the theme of the star officials in the Tang Dynasty and the Fifth Dynasties has occurred. From the perspective of a large number of the themes of the existence of the existence, based on its comprehensive judgment based on its shape, craftsmanship, and text pattern art style, most of them belong to the Song and golden period. After the Yuan, there are very few themes of the star officials who spend money. This can be judged that the Song and Jin period was the heyday of the fate of the star official.

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Li Xin, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, reported that the "Miscellaneous Miscellaneous" of "The Miscellaneous Field since the establishment of Yan" recorded the "Wanshou View" entry: Wanshouguan, to worship the emperor's ordered star official ... Shaoxing was built in 17 years. Li Xin passed on "The year since the establishment of the year" Volume 173 records: the emperor's destiny hall was in Wanshouguan, and in Beijing, he was named after pure blessing.

The same book volume was recorded in 180: Name Jiangzhou Taiping Xingguo Palace was newly built. The above information can show that Gao Zong of the Southern Song Dynasty worshiped his own destiny star in Wanshouguan, and also built his own destiny at the Taiping Xingguo Palace to worship the star official. Later, Song Xiaosong and Song Lizong all built their own destiny.

4. The main category of the star official spending money

There are a lot of money on the theme of this destiny star official, but according to its suit or single, it can be divided into two categories: one is twelve sets of sets of sets of money, each of which has one zodiac sign to the star official. The money is suitable for people who are worn by their respective privileges; one is a single money, the front is the star of the star, and the back is the zodiac or other patterns. Spending money for all people to wear.

One category: Benzi Xingguan Set spend money

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Figure 3 Golden Dynasties Rune Backbuel Star Guan Sheep

Figure 4 Song Jin Changshou rich and wealthy backbone Star Monkey

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Figure 5 Song Jin Qianqiu long lives back to the star official dragon

Figure 6 Song Jin Rune Back to Ben Men Star Tiger

Figure 7 Song Jinben's ordered Star Tiger

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Figure 9 Early ugly students in the Liao Dynasty (the left with both hands, if it belongs to the star official, it is an early variety)

Two categories: Benzi Star Officer Single Spending money

Figure 10 Jin Dai holds Guixian officials and the star official

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Figure 11 Song Golden Taoist fairy -oriented star official (Mr. Zhao Zikai Collection)

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Figure 12 Song Dynasty Dai Gao Towel (Dongpo Towel) Elderly Man's Original Star Officer (Mr. Zhao Zikai Collection)

Figure 13 Song Jin holds Gui Kuangguan's star official back to the twelve zodiac signs

Special thanks: Teacher Jin Ruyi gives directional guidance on this article!

bibliography:

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1. Chen Yuzhu's "Research on Dunhuanglu Life Book under the History of Regional Social History"

2. Liu Changdong works "Ben destiny test"

3. Editor -in -chief Xiao Jun "Yongle Palace mural"

4. Ancient books such as "Taishang Xuan Ling Beidou Ben's Ben Yan Scripture Sutra"

(To be continued)

This article was released by the author's authorized music and art club

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Graph and text are provided by the author

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