New solid -state lithium metal battery fully charges or changes the electric vehicle industry pattern

The battery is expected to be fully charged within 3 minutes and sustainable for 20 years

Source ｜ Science and Technology Daily

Author ｜ Zhang Jiaxin

Edit ｜ Zhang Runqi

Scientists in Harvard University in the United States have developed a new type of solid -state lithium metal battery for electric vehicles. The battery is expected to be fully charged within 3 minutes and sustainable for 20 years. Related papers were published in the recent "Nature" magazine.

At present, the start -up company Adden Energy has announced that it has obtained an exclusive technical license awarded by the Harvard University Technology Development Office to promote the commercialization of the technology. The goal is to reduce the battery as a "soft bag battery" with the size of the palm. In the coating film.

This battery uses lithium in the form of pure metal, not the lithium ion used in electric vehicle batteries on the market. At the same time, "solid state" refers to the use of solid electrodes and solid electrolytes, rather than liquid or polymer gel electrolyte in lithium -ion batteries.

In the laboratory, the team's battery prototype achieved the charging speed to 3 minutes, and it can circulate more than 10,000 times in the life cycle. Researchers said that at present, even the best batteries in similar types are only 2000-3000 charging cycles, this technology may "change the rules of the game."

This new battery's novel and complex design is inspired by British classic sandwiches. Compared with traditional lithium ion batteries, lithium metal batteries have more energy stored at the same volume, while charging time is much less than traditional lithium ion batteries. But they are easy to form a "dendrit" -a tiny, rigid tree structure. The dendritic will grow in the battery. These structures grow electrolytes like roots and pierced the barrier of the anode and cathode, which may cause the battery to fire.

A multi -layer structure similar to sandwiches can prevent the structure of the chinetic crystal. If the battery is imagined as a sandwich, the first layer is bread (lithium metal anode), and then lettuce (graphite coating), and then a layer of tomatoes (first electrolyte) and a layer of bacon (second electrolyte), Finally, another layer of tomatoes and last bread (cathode). In this design, the dendritic grows in "lettuce" and "tomato", but stops at "Bacon". The "Bacon" barrier prevents branches from passing through the short circuit of the battery, thereby preventing the failure.

In addition, the battery can be repaired by itself, which means that its chemical composition allows it to fill the holes generated by Zhizhou.

The startup company said that the rapid development of clean energy storage technology is essential for climate change. It is estimated that the global automotive electrification alone can reduce the global greenhouse gas emissions by 16%, and this "new battery mode" is considered the key to achieving this goal.

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