Qingdao Sifang Railway Bus: Poetry of Centennial Change and Far in Far (Part 2)

Beginning in the early Jiaoji Railway, the foundation was founded at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and leaped in the tide of reform and opening up. Looking back at the Qingdao Sifang Factory for a century, the historical epitome of the New China railway passenger cars was vividly presented. The side shadow of change.

1950 -20 zero

After the liberation of Qingdao, the production and production of passenger cars from imitation to self -designing and production. In 1954, it was an important node. This year, more than a dozen designers such as Gu Yilin, Zhang Xiaoyi, and Li Zhongyue were transferred to the Quartet Machine Factory by a machine department. The design section became the only unit with a passenger car design rights.

Gu Yilin

Zhang Xiaoyi

Li Zhongyue

The more than 10,000 railway buses produced from then on have affected countless Chinese people's travel and gathering for half a century.

1. The car body is getting longer and higher, the higher the body

Every time the passenger car body grows and increases, it represents product upgrades and technological progress. There were 21 types (22 meters) before the founding of New China. After several years of production, production was discontinued in 1958. Type 22, type 23 (23.6 meters), and 25 (25.5 meters long) have been developed in the 1960s. Long -term production and use are the main products of trunk passenger cars.

Gu Yilin, the deputy chief designer of the design department, hosted the design and development of various types of passenger cars. Designers such as Zhang Xiaoyu, Li Zhongyue and other designers participated in multi -type product design. Soviet experts also gave many technical guidance.

Type 21 dining car.

Type 22 hard sleeper

Type 22 drawing

Type 25 air -conditioned soft seat car entered Shenzhen Station.

Type 25 car breaks the history of green car cars and has a variety of colors.

In 1958, the Sifang Factory successfully made the first two -layer buses in China. In 1961, the double -layer passenger car group was produced. "People's Daily" reported.

The leaders and technicians of Sifang Factory took a group photo with Soviet experts.

"People's Daily" on October 7, 1961

In the 1960s, workers and peasants were used to use cars at night.

Installation of hard seat car seats in Sifang Machine Factory in the 1980s.

In 1990, former Railway Minister Lu Zhengcao came to the factory to inspect.

Factory employee Liu Zhongshi painted the gouache painting "Checheng is the scenery" in 1979.

In the 1970s, the passenger car passed the car.

The abandoned passenger workshop in the old factory area walked.

Second, the operation is getting safer and fast

Beginning in the late 1950s, design experts have always worked unremitting efforts to reduce vehicle self -weight and increase speed.

In 1960, the trial production was successful in my country's first low center of gravity and a brisk steady train. The structure was 140 kilometers per hour. The aluminum alloy streamlined car body was used for the first time.

The low center of gravity is brisk and stable.

Low gravity light and steady trains hard seat carriage.

In 1965, the first column of the trial system was 25.5 meters of air -conditioning light and steady passenger cars, with a target of 160 kilometers per hour, and the lightweight of the hard seat car reached the international advanced level.

In the late 1960s, the design department of the factory was impacted, and Dai Zhong organized the rebuilding of the passenger car design team.

Part of the colleagues of the Bus Design Section in 1978 took a photo.

During this period, the factory was ordered to develop a class A and dining car of the country's Supreme Leaders' passenger. It has unprecedented technical indicators such as safety and stability, passenger comfort, and official functionality. The full series was formed in the mid -1980s, and the Qingdao Daily reported that domestic and international leadership was reported.

The director of the Class A business car is Yao Shiheng, and the director of the class B and C -level chief is Gu Shouzhang.

Designer Gu Shouzhang is working.

In 1995, the new business vehicle was inside.

After more than 30 years of hard work, the trial system was successfully quasiped with high -speed air -conditioning trains in 1993, and the test speed reached 183 kilometers per hour.

The train must be "followed by tracks", equipped with a wheels, which directly affects the load, safety, stability and comfort. The earliest model 202, the earliest U -shaped steering gear, the design and development of the Si -Fang factory passenger car steering gear design and development. The steering gear designer Zhang Henti, the innovative suggestions in structure, process, etc., made efforts to improve the speed and safety.

Type 22 hard -sleeved car steering rack installation.

The second right is Zhang Hetin.

Excerpt from "Sichuan Machine Factory Vehicle Factory 1900-1993"

The steering gear group in the office building during the Deming period was the work scene in the late 1980s.

3. Traveling is more comfortable and environmentally friendly

Passengers live in compartment, must eat and drink Lazarus, and the romance of poetry and distance. The front -end planner is the designer.

The chief designer Gu Yilin advocates improving the comfort of travel with humanized design. The environment in the car should be practical and beautiful. The earliest positions of the establishment of arts and craftsmen should be proposed.

The passenger cars are continuously improved and the functions are continuously upgraded. Hard seats, hard sleeper, soft sleeper, air -conditioned cars, travel cars, dining cars, luggage cars, and bus families are becoming more prosperous. The direct discharge of the bathroom that has troubled the environment for a long time has gradually been replaced by a toilet. These make travel more and more comfortable and happy, and the service is becoming more and more user -friendly and personalized.

Type 22 hard sleeper car.

Type 22 soft sleeper.

An employee of the Sifang factory takes the soft sleeper produced by the factory.

Guangshen bus dining car.

"Hope" hotel car in 1992.

At the peak of railway passenger transportation, the bitterness and hardship of a vote are the memory of many people.

A quasi -high -speed dining car internal scene.

Healthy Express, the most human car, the most human car, "flowing railway hospital", was initiated by the Hong Kong Foundation. In 1997, Hong Kong returned to the bank to treat cataracts for the people of remote areas, and sowing love and light. The second row in 1999, the third row in 2002, and the fourth row in 2008 were changed to double layer, and the speed was increased from 120 kilometers per hour to 160 kilometers. Gao Yugong is the only designer participating in the design, manufacturing and maintenance of the four train. Fourth, the market is getting more and more open and diverse

In the early 1960s, the passenger cars of the Sifang factory exported to Celan (now Sri Lanka), and the Chinese buses went abroad for the first time. The first batch of international transport passenger cars were produced, and the wheels drove out of the border.

In the 1970s, among the aid Tanzan Bus, Premier Zhou's official cars to the two presidents were praised.

Tanzan Corporation Conference Room.

Tanzan bus dining car.

Wu Guanzhong was ordered to paint two African landscape paintings, and Zhu Renpu, who participated in the design of the special artwork, cooperated with Wu Guanzhong to work. Wu Guanzhong also left a exquisite painting overlooking the factories.

After the reform and opening up, the cooperation between the Sifang factories and Japanese companies had an impact on the introduction of the later train. Exit to Myanmar, Iraq, Sri Lanka and other countries, passenger cars enter a larger international market.

In 1986, the passenger car branch was established on the Fordhors Beach. In December 1995, the 10,000th passenger car was full of iconic and rituals. Branch has gradually become the leader of China's R & D and production of motorcycles.

At the end of the last century, the factory actively participated in the development of the domestic EMU. The "Central Plains Star" EMU group jointly produced by the new and old factory districts became the Star Star of the Beijing -Guangzhou Line.

The trains developed in the late 1990s fell in the old factory area.

Traditionally, the passenger cars that rely on locomotives also have a strong power. Railway passengers have entered the new era of high -speed rail.

(Author Zhang Tongjun)

Photo source: Hangwen, "Fangfang Machine Factory Vehicle Factory", the Jiaoji Railway Qingdao Museum, "Jiaoji Old Shadow", "Qing History" Shadow "Store", "Picture of Lao Qingdao: The first rule of Japan", " The Jiaoji Railway Travel Guide "(1934) and so on, some of them come from the Internet.

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